Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Gruiformes
Familia: Rallidae
Genus: Porphyrio
Species: P. alleni - P. flavirostris - P. hochstetteri – P. indicus – P. madagascariensis – P. martinica – P. melanotus – P. poliocephalus - P. porphyrio – P. pulverulentus
Species extinctae: †P. albus – †P. mantelli – †P. mcnabi
Name
Porphyrio Brisson, 1760
Typus
Fulica porphyrio Linnaeus, 1758 = Porphyrio porphyrio
Synonyms
Notornis Owen, 1843
Porphyrula Blyth, 1852
References
Primary references
Brisson, M.J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés. A laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espece, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms qu'ils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Ouvrage enrichi de figures en taille-douce. Tome I. - pp. j-xxiv [= 1-24], 1-526, j-lxxiij [= 1-73], Pl. I-XXXVII [= 1-37]. Paris. (Bauche). Original description p.48 BHL Reference page. Tome 5, p.522 BHL
References
García-R, J. C., & Trewick, S. A. (2015). Dispersal and speciation in purple swamphens (Rallidae: Porphyrio). Auk 132: 140-155.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Purpurhühner
English: Swamphen
Esperanto: Porfirio
suomi: Sulttaanikanat
français: Talève
ქართული: პორფირიონი
lietuvių: Sultonvištės
русский: Султанки
Kiswahili: Shaunge
Porphyrio is the swamphen or swamp hen bird genus in the rail family. It includes some smaller species of gallinules which are sometimes separated as genus Porphyrula or united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens") in Gallinula. The Porphyrio gallinules are distributed in the warmer regions of the world. The group probably originated in Africa in the Middle Miocene, before spreading across the world in waves from the Late Miocene to Pleistocene.[1]
The genus Porphyrio was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the western swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) as the type species.[2][3] The genus name Porphyrio is the Latin name for "swamphen",[4] meaning "purple".
Species
The genus contains ten extant species and two that have become extinct in historical times:[5]
Extant species
Purple swamphen complex[6][1]
Western swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio
African swamphen, Porphyrio madagascariensis
Grey-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus
Black-backed swamphen, Porphyrio indicus
Philippine swamphen, Porphyrio pulverulentus
Australasian swamphen, Porphyrio melanotus
South Island takahē, Porphyrio hochstetteri
Allen's gallinule, also known as lesser gallinule, Porphyrio alleni (formerly Porphyrula alleni)
American purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinica (formerly Porphyrula martinica)
Azure gallinule, Porphyrio flavirostris
Extinct species
White swamphen, or Lord Howe swamphen Porphyrio albus (early 19th century)
Réunion swamphen, or oiseau bleu, Porphyrio coerulescens (18th century, hypothetical species)
Marquesas swamphen, Porphyrio paepae (prehistoric or c. 1900)
North Island takahē, or moho, Porphyrio mantelli (prehistoric or 1890s)
New Caledonian swamphen, Porphyrio kukwiedei (prehistoric or more recent)
Huahine swamphen, Porphyrio mcnabi (prehistoric)
Buka swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
Giant swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
New Ireland swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
Norfolk Island swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
Rota swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
Mangaia swamphen/woodhen, ?Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric) - would belong into Porphyrula, Gallinula or Pareudiastes
References
García-R, J.C.; Trewick, S.A. (2015). "Dispersal and speciation in purple swamphens (Rallidae: Porphyrio)". Auk. 122 (1): 140–155. doi:10.1642/AUK-14-114.1.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 48, Vol. 5, p. 522.
Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 207. Archived from the original on 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
Sangster, G. (1998). "Purple Swamp-hen is a complex of species" (PDF). Dutch Birding. 20 (1): 13–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
Taylor, P. Barry & van Perlo, Ber (1998): Rails: a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 0-300-07758-0
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
