Polyplectron katsumatae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Galliformes

Familia: Phasianidae
Subfamilia: Phasianinae
Genus: Polyplectron
Species: Polyplectron katsumatae
Name

Polyplectron katsumatae Rothschild, 1906
References

Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16.p. 111 BHL
IUCN: Polyplectron katsumatae (Endangered)

Vernacular names
العربية: قبيط هاينان
български: Хайнански паунов фазан
català: Faisà d'esperons de Hainan
English: Hainan peacock-pheasant
Esperanto: Hajnana pavofazano
français: Éperonnier de Hainan
Nederlands: Hainanspiegelpauw
svenska: hainanpåfågelfasan
Tiếng Việt: Gà tiền Hải Nam
中文: 海南孔雀雉

The Hainan peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron katsumatae) is an endangered bird that belongs to the pheasant family Phasianidae. This extremely rare species is endemic to the island of Hainan, China.
Description

The bird was long considered a subspecies of grey peacock-pheasant or Polyplectron bicalcaratum. The Hainan peacock-pheasant is smaller, and it possesses a short crest and ruff (Johnsgard 1986).[full citation needed] It has red facial skin as opposed to grey in the yellow-orange facial skin of the grey peacock-pheasant. Beebe (1922)[full citation needed] noted various plumage differences between the two and considered them separate species.[2]
Taxonomy

Due to lack of detailed taxonomic studies, whether it was truly a subspecies (Polyplectron bicalcaratum katsumatae) or a full species remained unclear. Scientists used molecular markers, including the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and intron G of the nuclear ovomucoid gene, to reevaluate the taxonomy of the Hainan peacock-pheasant. The results showed phylogeographic monophyly and large genetic distance between the Hainan peacock-pheasant and the grey peacock-pheasant. Sequence differences corroborated the species-level distinction between these two peacock-pheasants, which were inferred to have diverged about 1.4±0.3 million years ago, near the time Hainan Island became separated from mainland China. BirdLife International has also decided to recognize the split of Polyplectron katsumatae from Polyplectron bicalcaratum.[3]
Conservation status

Due to a very low population density[4] in tropical forest and declining population, it is now becoming severely endangered and should be regarded as the rarest species in the order Galliformes in China. Taking more conservation action immediately to protect this endangered island endemic is imperative.
See also

List of endangered and protected species of China

References

BirdLife International (2022). "Polyplectron katsumatae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22734897A207341783. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"OBC Checklist". Archived from the original on 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
"Birdlifeforums". www.birdlifeforums.org. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01.

Chang, Jiang; Wang, Biao; Zhang, Yang-Yun; Liu, Ying; Liang, Wei; Wang, Ji-Chao; Shi, Hai-Tao; Su, Wen-Ba; Zhang, Zheng-Wang (2008). "Molecular Evidence for Species Status of the Endangered Hainan Peacock Pheasant". Zoological Science. 25 (1): 30–35. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.30. PMID 18275243. S2CID 9715464.

Collar, N. (2009) Hainan Peacock-Pheasant: another CR species for the IUCN Red List? G@llinformed 2: 14–19.
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds. (1994) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
Madge, S. and McGowan, P. (2002) Pheasants, Partridges & Grouse. London: Christopher Helm.

Literature cited
Burns, Chang; J. Wang; B. Zhang; Y.Y. Liu; Y. Liang; W. Wang; J.C. Shi; H.T. Su; W.B. Zhang, Z.W. (2008). "Molecular Evidence for Species Status of the Endangered Hainan Peacock-Pheasant". Zoological Science. 25 (1): 30–35. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.30. PMID 18275243. S2CID 9715464.