Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Mirandornithes
Ordo: Podicipediformes
Familia: Podicipedidae
Genus: Podiceps
Species: P. auritus - P. cristatus - P. gallardoi - P. grisegena - P. major - P. nigricollis – P. occipitalis – P. taczanowskii
Species extinctae: †P. andinus
Name
Podiceps Latham, 1787
Gender: masculine
Typus: Colymbus cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, = Podiceps cristatus
Fixation: Designated by ICZN 1956: 5 BHL
Synonymy
Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758
suppressed under the Plenary Power: ICZN 1956: 5 BHL
References
Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds: 294.
ICZN 1956: OPINION 401 Suppression under the Plenary Power of the Generic name Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758 and addition to the Offical List of Generic names in Zoology of the Generic names Gavia Forster, 1788, and Podiceps Latham, 1787 (Class Aves). Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 13: 1-64 BHL
Vernacular names
العربية: غطاس
azərbaycanca: Maygülü
dansk: Lappedykker
Deutsch: Taucher
English: Grebe
Esperanto: Podicipoj
eesti: Pütt
euskara: Txilinporta
فارسی: کفلپاها
suomi: Silkkiuikut
français: Grèbe
עברית: טבלן
italiano: Svasso
日本語: カンムリカイツブリ属
ქართული: მურტალა
қазақша: Сұқсырлар туысы
lietuvių: Kragai
latviešu: Dūkuri
Nederlands: Fuut
norsk nynorsk: Dukkar
norsk: Dykker
polski: Perkozowe
русский: Поганки
slovenščina: Ponirki
svenska: Dopping
українська: Пірникоза
中文: 鸊鷉屬
Podiceps is a genus of birds in the grebe family. The genus name comes from Latin podicis, "rear-end" and ped, "foot", and is a reference to the placement of a grebe's legs towards the rear of its body.
It has representatives breeding in all continents except Antarctica. Some species are partially or entirely migratory, moving in winter to the coast or warmer climates. Most species are widespread and overall common, but three South American species each are restricted to a single country; two of them are seriously threatened and a third is already extinct.
They breed in vegetated areas of freshwater lakes, nesting on the water's edge, since their legs are set too far back for easy walking. Usually two eggs are laid, and the striped young may be carried on the adult's back. All the genus are excellent swimmers and divers, and pursue their fish prey underwater. Adults have striking breeding plumage, with no difference between the sexes. In winter, the plumage is subdued whites and greys.
Systematics
The genus Podiceps was erected by the English naturalist John Latham in 1787.[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus).[3] The genus name combines variants on the Latin podex, roughly meaning "rear-end", and pes, meaning "foot".[4]
The black-necked, Colombian, silvery, and Junin grebes are very closely related and were formerly sometimes separated as the genus Dyas. The great grebe has also sometimes been separated as the sole member of the genus Podicephorus.[5][6]
The genus contains nine species:[7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| P. andinus | †Colombian grebe | Colombia - extinct (1977) | |
 |
P. auritus | Horned grebe or Slavonian grebe | Eurasia and North America |
 |
P. cristatus | Great crested grebe | Australasian, Eurasia and Africa |
 |
P. gallardoi | Hooded grebe | south-west Argentina |
 |
P. grisegena | Red-necked grebe | Eurasia and North America |
 |
P. major | Great grebe | Western and southern South America |
 |
P. nigricollis | Black-necked grebe or eared grebe | Eurasia, Africa and North America |
 |
P. occipitalis | Silvery grebe | Western and southern South America, and the Falkland Islands. |
 |
P. taczanowskii | Junin grebe | west-central Peru |
Fossils
One of the very oldest fossil grebes known to date actually belongs to this genus. Regarding grebes, the fossil record leaves much to be desired, being quite complete for the last 5 million years before present but very incomplete before the Pliocene.
Fossil species of Podiceps are:
†Podiceps arndti Chandler, 1990 (Piacenzian stage of North America)
†Podiceps csarnotanus Kessler, 2009 (Piacenzian stage of Europe)
†Podiceps discors Murray, 1967 (Piacenzian stage of North America)
†Podiceps dixi Brodkorp, 1963 (Chibanian to the Tarantian stages of Florida, United States)
†Podiceps howardae Storer, 2001 (Zanclean age of North Carolina, United States)
†Podiceps miocenicus Kessler, 1984 (Tortonian age of Moldova)
†Podiceps oligoceanus (Shufeldt, 1915) (Aquitanian age of North America)
†Podiceps parvus (Shufeldt, 1913) (Gelasian to the Calabrian stages of North America)
†Podiceps pisanus (Shufeldt, 1913) (Piacenzian stage of Italy)
†Podiceps solidus Kuročkin, 1985 (Zanclean age of Western Mongolia)
†Podiceps subparvus (Miller & Bowman, 1958)
Podiceps? sp. (Late Pliocene of WC USA)
Podiceps sp. (Early Pleistocene of Dursunlu, Turkey)[8]
Among the material assigned to P. parvus were bones of another species, which may or may not belong in this genus.[9]
References
"Podicipedidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
Latham, John (1787). Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds. London: Printed for Leigh & Sotheby. p. 294.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 148.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 311. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Ogilvie, Malcolm Alexander & Rose, Chris (2003). Grebes of the World. B. Coleman, Uxbridge. ISBN 1-872842-03-8
Harrison, Peter (1988). Seabirds (2nd ed.). Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7470-1410-8
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Grebes, flamingos, buttonquail, plovers, painted-snipes, jacanas, plains-wanderer, seedsnipes". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark; White, Tim D. (September 1998). "L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA (in French and English). 327 (5): 341–346. Bibcode:1998CRASE.327..341L. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80053-0.
Murray, Bertram G. Jr (May–June 1967). "Grebes from the Late Pliocene of North America" (PDF). Condor. 69 (3): 277–288. doi:10.2307/1366317. JSTOR 1366317.
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