Phalacrocorax

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Aequornithes
Ordo: Suliformes

Familia: Phalacrocoracidae
Genus: Phalacrocorax
Species: P. aristotelis – P. auritus - P. - P. brasilianus – P. capensis – P. capillatus – P. carbo – P. featherstoni – P. fuscescens – P. fuscicollis – P. gaimardi – P. harrisi – P. lucidus – P. magellanicus – P. neglectus – P. nigrogularis – P. pelagicus – P. penicillatus – P. punctatus – P. sulcirostris – P. urile – P. varius – †P. mongoliensis – †P. serdicensis – †P. perspicillatus

Name

Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760: 511

Type species: Pelecanus carbo Linnaeus, 1758 [=Phalacrocorax carbo]
Synonyms

Compsohalieus
Euleucocarbo
Gulosus
Hypoleucos
Nesocarbo
Notocarbo
Stictocarbo

References
Primary references

Brisson, M.J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés. A laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espece, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms qu'ils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Ouvrage enrichi de figures en taille-douce. Tome I. - pp. j-xxiv [= 1-24], 1-526, j-lxxiij [= 1-73], Pl. I-XXXVII [= 1-37]. Paris. (Bauche). Original description p.60 BHL Reference page. Tome 6 p.511 BHL

Vernacular names
беларуская: Бакланы
বাংলা: পানকৌড়ি
català: Corb marí
English: Cormorants
español: Cormoranes
euskara: Ubarroi
galego: Corvos mariños
ไทย: นกกาน้ำ
Türkçe: Karabatak
中文: 鸕鶿

Phalacrocorax is a genus of fish-eating birds in the cormorant family Phalacrocoracidae. Members of this genus are also known as the Old World cormorants.[2]
Taxonomy

The genus Phalacrocorax was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) as the type species.[3][4] Phalacrocorax is the Latin word for a cormorant.[5]

Formerly, many other species of cormorant were classified in Phalacrocorax, but most of these have been split out into different genera. A 2014 study found Phalacrocrax to be the sister genus to Urile, which are thought to have split from each other between 8.9 - 10.3 million years ago.[1]
Current taxonomy

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus Phalacrocorax contains 12 species.[1] This taxonomy was adopted by the IUCN Red List and BirdLife International, and later by the IOC.[6]
Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Phalacrocorax neglectus Bank cormorant or Wahlberg's cormorant Namibia and the western seaboard of South Africa
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Socotra cormorant Arabian Peninsula.
Phalacrocorax featherstoni Pitt shag or Featherstone's shag Pitt Island.
Phalacrocorax punctatus Spotted shag New Zealand.
Phalacrocorax fuscescens Black-faced cormorant Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania
Phalacrocorax varius Australian pied cormorant or yellow-faced cormorant Australasia, New Zealand
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little black cormorant Australia and northern New Zealand
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian cormorant Indian Subcontinent west to Sind and east to Thailand and Cambodia.
Phalacrocorax capensis Cape cormorant the Congo, and up the east coast of South Africa as far as Mozambique.
Phalacrocorax capillatus Japanese cormorant or Temminck's cormorant Taiwan, north through Korea and Japan, to the Russian Far East.
Phalacrocorax lucidus White-breasted cormorant the Cape Verde Islands to Guinea-Bissau and from Angola to the Cape of Good Hope and northwards on the east coast to Mozambique.
Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant or black shag the Old World, Australia, New Zealand and the Atlantic coast of North America.
Alternative taxonomies

Formerly, the genus Phalacrocorax often included all members of the family Phalacrocoracidae. More recently, some authorities, such as the Clements checklist, recognized Microcarbo as distinct (due to its morphological distinctiveness and the old age of its split from the remaining cormorants), while retaining all other cormorants in a still-broad Phalacrocorax. The IOC checklist went a step further in recognizing Leucocarbo as well as Microcarbo as distinct (while retaining the rest in Phalacrocorax), but this treatment rendered Phalacrocorax paraphyletic (with some members much more closely related to Leucocarbo than others). Nowadays, due to the age of the splits between different cormorant clades, most authorities, including the aforementioned two checklists, now recognize seven cormorant genera: Microcarbo, Poikilocarbo, Phalacrocorax, Urile, Gulosus, Nannopterum, and Leucocarbo.[1]
References

Kennedy, M.; Spencer, H.G. (2014). "Classification of the cormorants of the world". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 249–257. Bibcode:2014MolPE..79..249K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020. PMID 24994028.
"Old World Cormorants (Genus Phalacrocorax)". iNaturalist NZ. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 60, Vol. 6, p. 511.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 163.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Storks, frigatebirds, boobies, darters, cormorants". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2022.