Patagioenas araucana

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Columbimorphae
Ordo: Columbiformes

Familia: Columbidae
Subfamilia: Columbinae
Genus: Patagioenas
Species: Patagioenas araucana
Name

Patagioenas araucana (Lesson, 1827
Synonyms

Columba araucana (protonym)

References

Lesson, R.P. & Garnot, P. 1826–1830. In Duperrey, L.I. Voyage autour du monde Exécuté par ordre du Roi sur La Corvette de Sa Majesté La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 par L. I. Duperrey ... Commandant de l'Expedition ... Zoologie, tome I, pt. II. Arthus Bertrand. Paris. pp. 361–743. BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.57936 Reference page. Original description p. 706 BHL pl. 40

Vernacular names
English: Chilean Pigeon
Esperanto: Ĉilia kolombo
español: Paloma araucana
suomi: Chilenkyyhky

The Chilean pigeon (Patagioenas araucana) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Chile and Argentina.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics

The Chilean pigeon is monotypic.[2] It, ring-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas caribaea), and band-tailed pigeon (P. fasciata) may form a superspecies.[3][4]
Description
Chilean pigeon in the Biobío Region, Chile

The Chilean pigeon is 35 to 37 cm (14 to 15 in) long and weighs 220 to 340 g (7.8 to 12.0 oz). The adult male is mostly reddish purple. Its nape is iridescent green with a narrow white line across its top. Its lower back, rump, and tail are gray; the tail has a broad black band across its middle. The wings are gray to black. The orange eye is surrounded by a narrow pink or yellow ring and bare purple skin. Adult females are duller and browner than the males and juveniles are overall shades of gray.[4]
Distribution and habitat

The Chilean pigeon is found in its namesake country from the Coquimbo Region south to the Aysén Region and in Argentina immediately adjoining the southern half of its Chilean range. In much of its range it inhabits southern temperate forests, with an affinity for those dominated by Araucaria and Nothofagus. It is found in dryer forest in the northern part of its range, and is also known to forage in open habitats near forests.[4]
Behavior
Feeding

The Chilean pigeon mostly forages in trees for fruit, but it will also feed on seeds in open areas.[4]
Breeding

The Chilean pigeon's breeding season extends from December to at least March and possibly to May. It is a colonial breeder. Up to several hundred pairs will nest in the forest interior, often in a bamboo thicket. The nest is a flimsy platform of sticks through which the single egg can be seen.[4]
Vocalization

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to Chilean pigeon on xeno-canto

The Chilean pigeon's song is "a series of deep hoos" or "a deep doubled hooo-HOOOO hooo-HOOOO hooo-HOOOO...".[4]
Status

The IUCN has assessed the Chilean pigeon as being of Least Concern.[1] However, "[d]eforestation of old-growth forests has become a problem, as it leads to fragmentation and habitat reduction".[4]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Chilean Pigeon Patagioenas araucana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
Wexman, M., A. Jaramillo, and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Chilean Pigeon (Patagioenas araucana), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.chipig2.01 retrieved September 14, 2021