Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Coraciiformes
Familia: Alcedinidae
Subfamilia: Halcyoninae
Genus: Melidora
Species: Melidora macrorrhina
Subspecies: M. m. jobiensis – M. m. macrorrhina – M. m. waigiuensis
Name
Melidora macrorrhina (Lesson, 1827)
Synonyms
Dacelo macrorrhinus (protonym)
References
Bulletin Universel Des Sciences Et De L'Industrie. 12 sect.2 (Sci.Nat.Geol.): 131.
Vernacular names
čeština: Ledňáček hákozobý
Deutsch: Hakenliest
English: Hook-billed Kingfisher
español: Martín cazador ganchudo
français: Martin-chasseur d'Euphrosine
Nederlands: Haaksnavelijsvogel
پنجابی: میلیڈورا میکرورہینا
svenska: Kroknäbbskungsfiskare
The hook-billed kingfisher (Melidora macrorrhina) is a species of kingfisher in the subfamily Halcyoninae that is resident in the lowland forested areas of New Guinea and some of the nearby islands. It is the only member of the genus Melidora.
Taxonomy
The first formal description of the hook-billed kingfisher was by the French surgeon and naturalist René Lesson in 1827 under the binomial name Dacelo macrorrhina.[2] The hook-billed kingfisher is now the only species placed within the genus Melidora which was introduced by Lesson in 1830.[3][4] The name of the genus probably comes from the classical Greek mēlis for "yellow" and doru for "spear". The specific epithet macrorrhina is from the classical Greek makros for "long" and rhis for "nose".[5]
There are three subspecies:[4]
M. m. waigiuensis Hartert, 1930 – Waigeo Island
M. m. macrorrhina (Lesson, R, 1827) – west, central, and east New Guinea, Misool and Batanta Islands
M. m. jobiensis Salvadori, 1880 – north New Guinea and Yapen Island
Description
The hook-billed kingfisher is a large dumpy kingfisher with a length of 27 cm (11 in) and a weight of 85–110 g (3.0–3.9 oz).[6] It has a long, white stripe below its eyes. Its underside is white. It has dull yellow feet.
The call and song are mainly given at night. The most common call is a long whistle followed by a series of higher pitched short notes.[6]
Behaviour
Breeding
The hook-billed kingfisher excavates a nest chamber in an active arboreal termite nest 3–6 m (10–20 ft) above the ground. The clutch is two white eggs which hatch asynchronously. The male helps to incubate the eggs and brood the young.[6]
Feeding
It feeds on insects and frogs. It may dig into the soil searching for prey in a similar manner to the shovel-billed kookaburra.[6]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Melidora macrorrhina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22683516A92988700. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683516A92988700.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
Lesson, René (1827). "Description d'un nouveau espèce de Dalcedo". Bulletin des sciences naturelles et de géologie (in French). 12: 131–132.
Lesson, René (1830). Traite d'Ornithologie. Vol. 1. Paris: F.G. Levrault. p. 249. The title page has the year 1831.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers". World Bird List Version 7.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 236, 249. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1992). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 123–125. ISBN 978-0-7136-8028-7.
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