Marmaronetta angustirostris (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes
Familia: Anatidae
Subfamilia: Anatinae
Genus: Marmaronetta
Species: Marmaronetta angustirostris
Name
Marmaronetta angustirostris (Menetries, 1832)
Synonyms
Anas angustirostris (protonym)
Vernacular names
aragonés: Gavacheta charra
العربية: الحذف الرخامي
azərbaycanca: Mərmər cürə
български: Мраморна патица
brezhoneg: Kragell varellek
català: Xarxet marbrenc
dansk: Marmorand
Deutsch: Marmelente
dk: Marmorand
Ελληνικά: Στικτόπαπια
English: Marbled Duck
Esperanto: Marmoranaso
español: Cerceta pardilla
eesti: Marmorpart
euskara: Xarxet marbrenc
suomi: marmorisorsa
français: Marmaronette marbrée
Gaeilge: Praslacha mharmaisíneach
galego: Cerceta parda
עברית: ברווז משויש
magyar: Márványos réce
հայերեն: Մրտիմն մարմարյա
íslenska: Dropönd
italiano: Anatra marmorizzata
日本語: ウスユキガモ
қазақша: Мәрмәр шүрегей
lietuvių: Marmurinė antis
македонски: Мраморска патка
Malti: Sarsella Mnaqqxa
Nederlands: Marmereend
norsk: Marmorand
polski: Marmurka
português: Pardilheira
rumantsch: Anda marmorada
русский: Мраморный чирок
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Pjegava patka - пјегава патка
slovenčina: Kačica kačička úzkozobá
slovenščina: Marmorna raca
shqip: Rosa pikaloshe
српски / srpski: Мраморка, Mramorka
svenska: Marmorand
Türkçe: Yaz ördeği
中文: 云石斑鸭
The marbled duck or marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) is a medium-sized species of duck from southern Europe, northern Africa, and western and central Asia.[2] The scientific name, Marmaronetta angustirostris, comes from the Greek marmaros, marbled and netta, a duck, and Latin angustus, narrow or small and -rostris billed.[3]
Distribution, habitat and breeding
Eggs, Collection Museum Wiesbaden
This duck formerly bred in large numbers in the Mediterranean region, but is now restricted to a few sites in southern Spain,southern Italy, northwest Africa and the broader Levant. Further east it survives in the Mesopotamian marshland in southern Iraq and in Iran (Shadegan Marshes - the world's most important site), as well as isolated pockets in Armenia, Azerbaijan, South European Russia, western India and western China. In general the species has nomadic tendencies. In some areas birds disperse from the breeding grounds, and have been encountered in the winter period in the Sahel zone, south of the Sahara.[2]
Its preferred breeding habitat is temporary and shallow fresh, brackish or alkaline waters with densely vegetated shores in regions that otherwise are fairly dry. It may also breed in coastal lagoons, along slow rivers or man-made waters like reservoirs. The on average c. 12 eggs are placed in a nest covered by dense vegetation at the waters edge. It is usually on the ground, but occasionally higher among reeds or on huts made from reeds.[2] They are common in captive collections but are a nervous and flighty bird.
These are gregarious birds, at times even when nesting. Outside the breeding season flocks are often small, although large wintering flocks have been reported in some areas. The largest winter concentration known is in Khuzestan, Iran.[4]
In 2011, a group of Iraqi ornithologists counted a single flock of the rare marbled teal on the lakes of the Iraqi marshes, numbering at least 40,000 birds.[5]
Description and diet
Close-up of head
The marbled duck is approximately 39–42 cm (15–17 in) long. Adults are a pale sandy-brown colour, diffusely blotched off-white, with a dark eye-patch and shaggy head. The female averages smaller than the male, but otherwise the sexes are alike. Juveniles are similar but with more off-white blotches. In flight, the wings look pale without a marked pattern, and no speculum on the secondaries.[4]
These birds feed mainly in shallow water by dabbling or up-ending.[4] Adults feed mostly on seeds (for example, from Scirpus and Ruppia), but also take significant quantities of invertebrates (especially aquatic insect larvae and pupae, tiny crustaceans, and—highly unusual for a duck—ants) and green plants (for example, Potamogeton). Their gizzard allows them to break down seeds and the lamellae in their beak allow them to filter feed on zooplanktonic organisms. Young marbled ducks feed mostly on invertebrates. Although they may take tiny seeds, they lack the large gizzard necessary to break down the larger seeds commonly consumed by adults.[6]
Conservation
This bird is considered near threatened by the IUCN due to a reduction in population caused by habitat destruction and hunting. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.[2]
References
Birdlife international (2022). "Marmaronetta angustirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22680339A205917761. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22680339A205917761.en. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
BirdLife International (2017). "Marmaronetta angustirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22680339A110054350. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22680339A110054350.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Jobling, James A. (1991). A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. OUP. ISBN 0-19-854634-3.
Snow, David William; Perrins, Christopher, eds. (1997). The Birds of the Western Palearctic [Abridged]. OUP. ISBN 0-19-854099-X.
Walker, Matt (18 January 2011). "Restoring Iraq's wetland marshes to the original Eden". BBC News.
Fuentes, C.; M.I. Sánchez; N. Selva; A.J. Green (2004). "The diet of the Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris in southern Alicante, eastern Spain" (PDF). Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie). 59 (3): 475–490. doi:10.3406/revec.2004.1218.
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