Harpactes ardens

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Trogoniformes

Familia: Trogonidae
Genus: Harpactes
Species: Harpactes ardens
Subspecies: H. a. ardens - H. a. herberti - H. a. linae - H. a. luzoniensis - H. a. minor
Name

Harpactes ardens (Temminck, 1826)

Original combination: Trogon ardens

References

Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux livr.68 pl.404

Vernacular names
English: Philippine Trogon
español: Trogón filipino
suomi: Filippiinientrogoni
Nederlands: Filipijnse trogon

The Philippine trogon (Harpactes ardens) is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found on regions of Luzon , East Visayas and Mindanao. It is the only species of trogon in the country. While not a threatened species, its population is declining due to habitat loss and hunting.
Description and taxonomy

Ebird describes it as "A fairly large, long-tailed bird of lowland and low-elevation montane forest. Brown on the back, with barred wings, a white undertail, a yellow bill with blue at the base, and blue bare skin around the eye. Female has mustard-yellow underparts and an olive-brown head, whereas the spectacular male has a black head, a pink chest, and a red belly. Unmistakable. The only species of trogon in the Philippines. Song is a descending series that first accelerates, then decelerates."[2]

Its latin name ardens translates to burning, flaming, glowing, fiery which is likely in reference to its bright colors. [3]
Subspecies

Five subspecies are recognised:

H. a. ardens – Found in Mindanao Dinagat and Basilan
H. a. linae – Found in Samar, Biliran, Leyte and Bohol ; has a larger throat patch and bill
H. a.. minor – Found in Polillo Islands; smaller with darker red colors
H. a. luzoniensis – Found in Luzon (except Northeast), Marinduque and Catanduanes; shorter bill and duller underparts with no maroon hues on crown
H. a. herberti – Found in Northeast Luzon; strong maroon hues on crown and a larger bill[4]

Ecology and behavior
A monograph of a male and female Philippine trogon by John Gould

It is primarily an insectivore that feeds on grasshoppers, stick insects, praying mantises and other insects. It has also been recorded feeding on a small lizards and amphibians.

Breeding season is from March to June. Nest in tree holes above 5 meters from the forest floor. Its clutch size is 3 eggs.[5] Interestingly, only males have been observed incubating but it is presumed that the females also participate.
Habitat and conservation status

It is found in tropical moist lowland forest and the lower reaches of tropical moist mountain forest up to 2,000 meters above sea level but is most common under 600 meters above sea level.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed this bird as a Least-concern species as it has a large range and is still locally common in some areas. However, despite not being a threatened species, the population is believed to be on the decline. This species' main threat is habitat loss with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range.

Occurs in a many protected areas in Bataan National Park, Bulusan Volcano Natural Park, Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park on Luzon, Pasonanca Natural Park, Mount Kitanglad, Mount Apo on Mindanao and Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape in Bohol and Samar Island Natural Park in Samar. While all of these areas are protected by law, deforestation, mining, hunting and habitat loss still continue in some of these protected areas.[2][6]
Relationship with humans
Featured in the 1969 stamp.

Among Philippine endemics, this bird is relatively well known by the public as it is often featured in stamps, murals, artworks, stuffed toys, brands and viral news articles.[7][8][9]

Primarily due to its plumage and colors, the bird has been associated with the mythical Ibong Adarna from Filipino epic poems. However, there is no actual and historical basis for this and based on the descriptions of the mythical bird, it is more akin to the mythical Phoenix or Sarimanok rather than any real-life bird. Also contrary to the Ibong adarna's described musical lullaby call, the Philippine trogon's voice if often compared to a laughing horse's neigh[10][11] This bird is often featured on viral news articles and posts which directly link it to the Ibong adarna. Even in the government news agency, Philippine News Agency has errantly referred to this bird as "critically endangered".[12]

The Philippine trogon has been featured twice on Philippine stamps in 1969 and 1992 respectively.[13]

Despite its attractive plumage, this species is rarely kept in captivity as they rarely survive and have a more specialized insectivorous diet. There are no records of Philippine trogons in zoos.[11]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Harpactes ardens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682839A92963343. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682839A92963343.en. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
"Philippine Trogon - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
"Latin Definition for: ardens, ardentis (ID: 4594) - Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources - Latdict". latin-dictionary.net. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
Collar, Nigel (2020). "Philippine Trogon (Harpactes ardens), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.phitro1.01species_shared.bow.project_name (inactive September 11, 2024). ISSN 2771-3105.
"Philippine Trogon (Harpactes ardens) » Planet of Birds". Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
Harpactes ardens: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682839A92963343 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. October 1, 2016. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22682839a92963343.en.
"Trogon Merchandise". Facebook.
Abadicio, Albert (August 13, 2024). "Philippine Trogon: The legendary Ibong Adarna". Retrieved September 11, 2024.
Limos (2020). This Colorful Bird is the Real-Life Ibong Adarna from Philippine Myth. Esquire.
"'Ibong Adarna' spotted in Mt. Apo". SunStar. July 18, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
Limos, Mario. "This Colorful Bird is the Real-Life Ibong Adarna from Philippine Myth". Esquire.
Fernandez, Edwin (May 6, 2024). "Critically endangered wildlife sighted in Mt. Apo". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
"Philippine Trogon stamps - mainly images - gallery format". www.birdtheme.org. Retrieved September 11, 2024.