Glaucidium minutissimum

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Strigiformes

Familia: Strigidae
Subfamilia: Surniinae
Genus: Glaucidium
Species: Glaucidium minutissimum
Name

Glaucidium minutissimum (Wied-Neuwied, 1830)
Synonyms

Strix minutissima (Protonym)

References

Wied-Neuwied, M. zu 1830–1831. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien. Band III erste Abtheilung. Aves Vögel. Pt.1, 1830: 1–636, Pt.2, 1831: 637–1278. Weimar, Gr. H.S. priv. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.3088 Original description p.242 nr 3 BHL Reference page.

Vernacular names
čeština: Kulíšek zakrslý
English: Least Pygmy-Owl
suomi: Pikkuvarpuspöllö

The East Brazilian pygmy owl (Glaucidium minutissimum), also known as least pygmy-owl or Sick's pygmy-owl, is a small owl in the typical owl family.
Taxonomy

It has been argued that the scientific name used here actually belongs to the Pernambuco pygmy owl, in which case the East Brazilian pygmy owl should be referred to as G. sicki (König & Weick, 2005).[3] This has not gained widespread recognition.[4]

Formerly, this species included the Colima pygmy owl, Tamaulipas pygmy owl, Central American pygmy owl, subtropical pygmy owl,[1] and Baja pygmy owl[5] as subspecies.
Distribution

This species has a large range. It can be found in southeastern Brazil and easternmost Paraguay.[6][1]
Habitat
Glaucidium minutissimum. Museum specimen

It inhabits tropical and subtropical moist evergreen forests and edges as well as open bush canopy.[7]
Description

It is one of the smallest South American owls, averaging at 55 g (1.9 oz) and 15 cm (5.9 in) tall. Wing length can reach 85–91 mm (3.3–3.6 in), while the tail can reach a length of 49–54 mm (1.9–2.1 in). The head is rounded, with no ear tufts. The pale greyish-brown facial disk is not pronounced and shows some rufous concentric lines. The eyes are yellow, with whitish eyebrows. The upper part of the body is relatively dark, rufous-brown with small white spots. Wings are dark brown and relatively short. The tail is dark brown with five pale bars. The lower part of the body is light gray or white, with reddish-brown stripes. The throat shows a rounded whitish area. The legs are feathered, with bristled and yellowish toes. Claws are horn-colored with dark tips. The beak is yellow-green.[6][8]
Biology

The East Brazilian pygmy owl mainly feeds on small insects and sometimes catches small vertebrates. It is active at dusk and dawn, but occasionally hunts during the day. The song of the male is two to four long notes separated by short pauses.[6][8]
References

BirdLife International (2018). "Glaucidium minutissimum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22689240A130162980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22689240A130162980.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
König, C. & F. Weick. (2005). A new Least Pygmy Owl (Aves: Strigidae) from southeastern Brazil. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A. no. 688.
South American Classification Committee (2008). Change the name of Least Pygmy-Owl to Glaucidium sicki. Archived 2015-09-19(Timestamp length) at archive.today Accessed 21-11-2008.
Lepage, Denis (2003–2007), Avibase - the world bird database, retrieved Sep 22, 2007[permanent dead link]
Owl Pages
Weick, Friedhelm (2006), Owls (Strigiformes): Annotated and Illustrated Checklist, Springer, p. 164, ISBN 978-3-540-35234-1
Steve N. G. Howell and Mark B. Robbins SPECIES LIMITS OF THE LEAST PYGMY-OWL (GLAUCIDIUM MINUTISSIMUM) COMPLEX