Eutoxeres condamini (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Superordo: Caprimulgimorphae
Ordo: Apodiformes
Familia: Trochilidae
Subfamilia: Phaethornithinae
Genus: Eutoxeres
Species: Eutoxeres condamini
Subspecies: E. c. condamini – E. c. gracilis
Name
Eutoxeres condamini (Bourcier, 1851)
Type locality: Archidona, Ecuador.
Synonyms
Trochilus condamini (protonym)
Eutoxeres LaCondaminei Simon, 1921 (emend.) Hist.Nat.Trochil p. 24 BHL, 263
References
Bourcier, J. 1851. Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées. Compte Rendu des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences. Bachelier. Paris. 32: 186–188. BHL Reference page. p. 187 BHL
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Rotschwanz-Sichelschnabel
English: Buff-tailed Sicklebill
español: Picohoz colicanela
français: Bec-en-faucille de La Condamine
The buff-tailed sicklebill (Eutoxeres condamini) is a species of hermit hummingbird from the lower Andes and adjacent west Amazonian lowlands from southern Colombia and northern Ecuador to Peru and Bolivia.[3]
Description
With a total length of 5–6 in (13–15 cm) and weighing 0.28–0.44 oz (7.9–12.5 g), it is a relatively large hummingbird. Males and females are virtually identical, differing only in size (especially wing measurements), with the females being some 20% smaller.[3]
Its upperparts are iridescent dull greenish, while the underparts are whitish, densely streaked with dusky. The neck-side has a relatively faint blue patch. The tips of the rectrices (tail feathers) are white, and there is a naked stripe on top of the head (but this is usually concealed). The most conspicuous features, however, are those the common name refers to: the bill is strongly decurved, and the outer three rectrices on each side are deep buff, best visible from below.[3]
Immature birds have light-tipped remiges (pinions), hardly any blue on the neck, and lack the naked crown stripe. Hatchlings have black skin and grey down.[3]
There are two subspecies which are not very distinct and almost form a continuous cline, with an extensive intergradation zone in northern Peru:[3]
Eutoxeres condamini condamini (Bourcier, 1851) – northern buff-tailed sicklebill
Colombia and Ecuador. Bill longer, lower belly much streaked
Eutoxeres condamini gracilis Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902 – southern buff-tailed sicklebill
Central Peru to Bolivia. Bill shorter, lower belly less streaked
The buff outer remiges are the most reliable trait for separating the buff-tailed sicklebill from the only other member of the genus Eutoxeres, the white-tipped sicklebill (E. aquila), which has a more northerly distribution. The Eutoxeres species are somewhat sympatric however, for example in the foothills of Putumayo around Mocoa, Colombia.[4]
Ecology
It is restricted to the undergrowth of humid forested and wooded habitats, recorded from 590–10,800 ft (180–3,290 m) ASL. It will tolerate more habitat disturbance than its congener, regularly occurring in plantations, bamboo stands and open habitat where populations are healthy, though it still prefers natural vegetation. Nothing precise is known about its movements, though it is presumed that the birds are non-migratory. The peculiar bill is an adaption to the shape of certain flowers, namely of the genera Centropogon and Heliconia. It feeds mainly by trap-lining. In addition to nectar, it will also catch small arthropods.[5]
The two white eggs are laid in a nest which is attached to the underside of a leaf, a few yards/meters above ground. In the southern Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, nest construction was observed in July or August, and in the lowlands of Ecuador's Napo Province in January. Birds with enlarged gonads were found in Peru from September to November. Only the female incubates; the incubation period is 16–18 days and the young fledge 22–24 days after hatching. They start to breed when they are 1–2 years old.[6]
Generally fairly common though inconspicuous and easily overlooked, it is considered a species of Least Concern by the IUCN.[1] This species is most easily seen in the mixed habitat of old and young forest and small-scale logging at the Napo River in eastern Ecuador.[7]
Footnotes
BirdLife International (2016). "Eutoxeres condamini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22687016A93135718. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687016A93135718.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Hinkelmann (1999)
Hinkelmann (1999), Salaman et al. (2002)
Hinkelmann (1999), Greeney & Gelis (2007)
Hinkelmann (1999), Salaman et al. (2002), Greeney & Gelis (2007)
Hinkelmann (1999), BLI (2009)
References
Greeney, Harold F.; Gelis, Rudolphe A. (2007). "Breeding records from the north-east Andean foothills of Ecuador". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 127 (3): 236–241.
Hinkelmannn, Christoph (1999): 3. Buff-tailed Sicklebill. In: del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.): Handbook of Birds of the World (Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds): 537, plate 45. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-25-3
Salaman, Paul G.W.; Stiles, F. Gary; Bohórquez, Clara Isabel; Álvarez-R., Mauricio; Umaña, Ana María; Donegan, Thomas M. & Cuervo, Andrés M. (2002): New and noteworthy bird records from the east slope of the andes of Colombia. Caldasia 24(1): 157–189. PDF fulltext
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