Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Subclassis: Acari
Superordo: Acariformes
Ordo: Trombidiformes
Subordo: Prostigmata
Cohort: Eleutherengona
Superfamilia: Cheyletoidea
Familia: Syringophilidae
Subfamiliae (2): Picobiinae - Syringophilinae
Overview of genera (44)
Apodisyringiana – Ascetomylla – Aulobia – Aulonastus – Blaszakia – Bubophilus – Calamincola – Castosyringophilus – Charadriaulobia – Charadriphilus – Chenophila – Colinophilus – Corvitorotroglus – Creagonycha – Crotophagisyringophilus – Cuculisyringophilus – Dissonus – Fritschisyringophilus – Kalamotrypetes – Kethleyana – Krantziaulonastus – Lawrencipicobia – Megasyringophilus – Meitingsunes – Mironovia – Neoaulobia – Neoaulonastus – Neoperisterophila – Neosyringophilopsis – Niglarobia – Peristerophila – Philoxanthornia – Picineoaulonastus – Picobia – Psittaciphilus – Rafapicobia – Selenonycha – Stibarokris – Syringonomus – Syringophiloidus – Syringophilopsis – Syringophilus – Tanopicobia – Terratosyringophilus – Torotrogla – Trypetoptila
References
Bochkov, A.V. 2008. New observations on phylogeny of cheyletoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 312: 54–73. PDF
Glowska, E. & Laniecka, I. 2013. Two new quill mite species (Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) parasitizing Australian birds. Zootaxa 3670(3): 385–390. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.3.9 Reference page.
Glowska, E. & Schmidt, B.K. 2014. New quill mites (Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae) parasitizing the black-headed paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone rufiventer (Passeriformes: Monarchidae) in Gabon. Zootaxa 3786(1): 57–64. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.1.3 Reference page.
Glowska, E., Chrzanowski, M. & Kaszewska, K. 2015. Checklist of the Quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) of the World. Zootaxa 3968(1): 1–81. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3968.1.1. Preview (PDF) ISBN 978-1-77557-715-7 (paperback); ISBN 978-1-77557-716-4 (Online edition) Reference page.
Glowska, E. & Skoracki, M. 2010. Meitingsunes, a new genus of quill mites (Acari: Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae). Zootaxa 2514: 61–67. Preview
Glowska, E. & Skoracki, M. 2011. New species of quill mites (Acari, Cheyletoidea, Syringophilidae) and the first record of male for the genus Stibarokris. Zootaxa 2817: 63–68. Preview
Kaszewska, K., Kavetska, K. & Skoracki, M. 2014. Two new species of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Cheyletoidea) associated with treronine doves (Columbiformes: Columbidae: Treroninae). Zootaxa 3846(2): 293–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.9 Reference page.
Marciniak, N., Skoracki, M. & Hromada, M. 2019. Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) associated with Cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). Zootaxa 4565(2): 190–200. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.2.3 Paywall Reference page.
Nattress, B. & Skoracki, M. 2009. A new species and further records of quill mites (Acari: Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae) parasitic on birds (Aves) in England. Zootaxa 2133: 49–54. Abstract & excerpt
Skoracki, M. 2002. Three new species of the ectoparasitic mites of the genus Syringophiloidus Kethley, 1970 (Acari: Syringophilidae) from passeriform birds from Slovakia. Folia parasitologica 49: 305–313.
Skoracki, M. 2011. Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 2840: 1–414. Preview Reference page.
Skoracki, M. & Bochkov, A.V. 2010. Syringophilid mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of Kazakhstan. Zootaxa 2546: 52–68. Preview
Skoracki, M., Dabert, J. & Schmäschke, R. 2006. Observations on the quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) from charadriiform birds. Zootaxa 1156: 51–64. Abstract & excerpt
Skoracki, M., Hromada, M. & Wamiti, W. 2011. A new species and new host records of syringophilid mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) from passerines from Kenya. Zootaxa 2922: 34–40. Preview Reference page.
Skoracki, M. & Mironov, S.V. 2013. New species and records of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from the passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) from the Russian Far East. Zootaxa 3641(5): 554–564. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3641.5.4 Reference page.
Skoracki, M., Mironov, S.V. & Unsoeld, M. 2013. The first records of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) from trogoniform birds (Aves: Trogoniformes). Zootaxa 3701(2): 291–297. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.9 Reference page.
Skoracki, M., Kaszewska, K. & Kavetska, K.M. 2015. Two new species of the syringophilid quill mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) parasitizing apodiform birds (Aves: Apodiformes). Zootaxa 4052(5): 583–587. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.7. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Skoracki, M. & Oconnor, B. 2010. New taxa of quill mites (Acari: Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae). Zootaxa 2341: 1–32. Preview
Skoracki, M. & Sikora, B. 2003. Quill mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) from African passeriform birds. Zootaxa 129: 1–10. Abstract & excerpt Reference page.
Skoracki, M. & Sikora, B. 2008. Blaszakia, a new genus of quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) parasitizing turacos (Aves: Musophagiformes). Annales zoologici 58(2): 327–332. DOI: 10.3161/000345408X326636
Skoracki, M. & Sikora, B. 2011. Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) associated with galliform birds (Aves: Galliformes). Zootaxa 2966: 13–30. Preview
Sikora, B., Fajfer, M. & Skoracki, M. 2011. Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) from mimid birds (Aves: Mimidae). Zootaxa 3027: 29–38. Preview Reference page.
Sikora, B., Fajfer, M., Kavetska, K. & Skoracki, M. 2012. Three new species of quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) parasitizing the wrens (Aves: Troglodytidae). Zootaxa 3167: 57–65. Preview Reference page.
Links
Bochkov, A. (coordinator): Syringophilidae Species Listing in Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog
Vernacular names
English: quill mites
Syringophilidae is a family of mites, commonly known as quill mites. They are obligatory ectoparasites of birds, and inhabit their feather quills where they feed on subcutaneous tissue and fluids.[1] Typically the Syringophilinae inhabit all but the body feathers (primaries, secondaries, tertials, rectrices and wing coverts), while the Picobinae specialize in infecting the body feathers internally.[2] Quill mites have been recorded from hundreds of bird species, belonging to 95 families and 24 orders. Much knowledge of their hosts, diversity and systematics has been obtained since the late 1990's,[2] but as of 2020 these were still considered to be poorly known.[1]
Life cycle
A single fertilized female enters the soft calamus of a developing feather through the opening called superior umbilicus. When this is getting closed, it produces offspring; a single male and several females, which develop within this enclosed space. The offspring then fertilize each other and produce one more generation still enclosed here. Again, only a single male offspring is produced by each female, which will fertilize their sisters and cousins. Finally, fertilized females disperse to look for new feathers on the same host bird or on another one. The most frequent type of transmission is the parent-offspring route. Due to this peculiar life cycle, quill mite populations are highly inbred and subjected to an extremely reduced (if any) sexual selection pressure. [3]
Symbionts
It is suspected that they might be a vector in transmitting strains of Wolbachia, an intracellular bacterial genus.[4] Additionally Spiroplasma bacteria are suspected symbionts, besides potentially the pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Brucella and Bartonella.[1]
Genera
The family contains the following genera:[5][6]
Ascetomylla Kethley, 1970
Aulobia Kethley, 1970
Aulonastus Kethley, 1970
Bubophilus J. R. Philips & R. A. Norton, 1978
Calamincola Casto, 1978
Castosyringophilus Bochkov & Perez, 2003
Charadriphilus Bochkov & Chistyakov, 2001
Chenophila Kethley, 1970
Colinophilus Kethley, 1973
Creagonycha Kethley, 1970
Dissonus Skoracki, 1999
Ixobrychiphilus Skoracki, Zmudzinski & Solarczyk, 2017[7]
Kalamotrypetes S. D. Casto, 1980
Kethleyana Kivganov, in Kivganov & Sharafat 1995
Megasyringophilus Fain, Bochkov & Mironov, 2000
Mironovia Chirov & Kravtsova, 1995
Neoaulobia Fain, Bochkov & Mironov, 2000
Neoaulonastus Skoracki, 2004
Niglarobia Kethley, 1970
Peristerophila Kethley, 1970
Philoxanthornia Kethley, 1970
Picobia Haller, 1878
Procellariisyringophilus Schmidt & Skoracki, 2007 (nom. nov. pro Syringonomus Kethley 1970 non Hope & Murphy, 1969)
Psittaciphilus Fain, Bochkov & Mironov, 2000
Selenonycha Kethley, 1970
Stibarokris Kethley, 1970
Syringonomus Kethley, 1970
Syringophiloidus Kethley, 1970
Syringophilopsis Kethley, 1970
Syringophilus Heller, 1880
Terratosyringophilus Bochkov & Perez, 2003
Torotrogla Kethley, 1970
Trypetoptila Kethley, 1970
References
Glowska, Eliza; Filutowska, Zuzanna Karolina; Dabert, Miroslawa; Gerth, Michael (May 2020). "Microbial composition of enigmatic bird parasites: Wolbachia and Spiroplasma are the most important bacterial associates of quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae)". MicrobiologyOpen. 9 (5): e964. doi:10.1002/mbo3.964. PMC 7221428. PMID 32141700.
Glowska, Eliza; Chrzanowski, Mateusz; Kaszewska, Katarzyna (9 June 2015). "Checklist of the Quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) of the World". Zootaxa. 3968 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3968.1.1. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
Rozsa, Lajos; Moldovan, Evelyn (2022). "Relationship between body size and sexual size dimorphism in syringophilid quill mites". Parasitology Research. 121 (3): 891–898. doi:10.1007/s00436-022-07437-3. PMC 8858279. PMID 35067745.
Glowska, Eliza; Dragun-Damian, Anna; Dabert, Miroslawa; Gerth, Michael (March 2015). "New Wolbachia supergroups detected in quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae)". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 30: 140–146. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.019. PMID 25541519. S2CID 4963395. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
Andrey Bochkov. "Syringophilidae". Joel Hallam's Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
Maciej Skoracki, Martin Hromada & Markus Unsoeld (2013). "Three new quill mite species of the genus Neoaulonastus Skoracki (Acari: Syringophilidae) parasitizing passerines in Tanzania". Zootaxa. 3616 (4): 367–377. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3616.4.5.
Skoracki, M.; Zmudzinski, M.; Solarczyk, P. (2017). "Ixobrychiphilus, a new genus of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata)". Acarologia. 57 (2): 269–273. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20164155. ISSN 2107-7207. S2CID 90997778. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
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