Phalangiotarbida

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: †Phalangiotarbida
Familiae: †Anthracotarbidae – †Architarbidae – †Devonotarbidae – †Heterotarbidae – †Opiliotarbidae
Name

Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890
Synonymy

Phalangiotarbi Haase, 1890 (original spelling)
Phalangiotarbida: Petrunkevitch, 1955 (emendation)
Architarbi Petrunkevitch, 1945 (original spelling)
Architarbida: Petrunkevitch, 1955 (emendation)

References

Pollitt, J.R.; Braddy, S.J.; Dunlop, J.A. 2004: The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences, 94: 243–259.
Poschmann, M.; Anderson, L.I.; Dunlop, J.A. 2005: Chelicerate arthropods, including the oldest phalangiotarbid arachnid, from the Early Devonian (Siegenian) of the Rhenish Massif, Germany. Journal of paleontology, 79: 110–124.

Phalangiotarbida is an extinct arachnid order first recorded from the Early Devonian of Germany and most widespread in the Upper Carboniferous coal measures of Europe and North America.[1] The last species are known from the early Permian Rotliegend of Germany.

The affinities of phalangiotarbids are obscure, with most authors favouring affinities with Opiliones (harvestmen) and/or Acari (mites and ticks). Phalangiotarbida has been recently (2004) proposed to be sister group to (Palpigradi+Tetrapulmonata): the taxon Megoperculata sensu Shultz (1990).[2]

Nemastomoides depressus, described as a harvestman in the family Nemastomoididae, is actually a poorly preserved phalangiotarbid.[3]
Taxa included

Family Anthracotarbidae Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
Genus Anthracotarbus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
Species Anthracotarbus hintoni Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
Family Architarbidae Karsch, 1882
Genus Architarbus Scudder, 1868
Species Architarbus hoffmanni Guthörl, 1934 (Jr synonyms Opiliotarbus kliveri Waterlot, 1934; Goniotarbus sarana Guthörl, 1965)
Species Architarbus minor Petrunkevitch, 1913
Species Architarbus rotundatus Scudder, 1868
Genus Bornatarbus Rößler & Schneider, 1997
Species Bornatarbus mayasii Haupt in Nindel, 1955
Genus Devonotarbus Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
Species Devonotarbus hombachensis Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
Genus Discotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Species Discotarbus deplanatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Genus Geratarbus Scudder, 1890
Species Geratarbus lacoei Scudder, 1890
Species Geratarbus bohemicus Petrunkevitch, 1953
Genus Goniotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1953
Species Goniotarbus angulatus Pocock, 1911
Species Goniotarbus tuberculatus Pocock, 1911
Genus Hadrachne Melander, 1903
Species Hadrachne horribilis Melander, 1903
Genus Leptotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
Species Leptotarbus torpedo Pocock, 1911
Genus Mesotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1949
Species Mesotarbus angustus Pocock, 1911
Species Mesotarbus eggintoni Pocock, 1911
Species Mesotarbus hindi Pocock, 1911
Species Mesotarbus intermedius Petrunkevitch, 1949
Species Mesotarbus peteri Dunlop & Horrocks, 1997
Genus Metatarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Species Metatarbus triangularus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Genus Ootarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
Species Ootarbus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1945
Species Ootarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch, 1945
Genus OrthotarbusPetrunkevitch, 1945
Species Orthotarbus minutus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Species Orthotarbus robustus Petrunkevitch, 1945
Species Orthotarbus nyranensis Petrunkevitch, 1953
Genus Paratarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
Species Paratarbus carbonarius Petrunkevitch, 1945
Genus Phalangiotarbus Haase, 1890
Species Phalangiotarbus subovalis Woodward, 1872
Genus Pycnotarbus Darber, 1990
Species Pycnotarbus verrucosus Darber, 1990
Genus Triangulotarbus Patrick, 1989
Species Triangulotarbus terrehautensis Patrick, 1989
Family Heterotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1913
Genus Heterotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Species Heterotarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
Family Opiliotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1949
Genus Opiliotarbus Pocock, 1910
Species Opiliotarbus elongatus Scudder, 1890
nomina dubia
Eotarbus litoralis Kušta, 1888
Nemastomoides depressus Petrunkevitch, 1913

References

Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason (2014). "Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders". PeerJ. 2: e641. doi:10.7717/peerj.641. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4232842. PMID 25405073.
Pollitt et al. 2004

Dunlop in Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 255

Bibliography

Petrunkevitch, Alexander I. (1955): Arachnida. pp. 42–162 in Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, part P. Arthropoda 2 (R.C. Moore, ed.). Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
Shultz, Jeffrey W.(1990): Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida. Cladistics 6: 1-38.
Dunlop, Jason A. (1997): Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny. Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology 65–82. - Abstract
Pollitt, Jessica R.; Braddy, Simon J. & Dunlop, Jason A. (2004): The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 94(3): 243–259. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000651 - PDF available on request
Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9