Upis ceramboides

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Cucujiformia
Superfamilia: Tenebrionoidea

Familia: Tenebrionidae
Subfamilia: Tenebrioninae
Tribus: Tenebrionini
Genus: Upis
Species: Upis ceramboides
Name

Upis ceramboides (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms

Attelabus ceramboides Linnaeus, 1758

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 388. Reference page.

Links

Upis ceramboides Taxon details on Fauna Europaea
Upis ceramboides (Linnaeus, 1758) (сем. Tenebrionidae) - scanography by Oleg Berlov
ZooBank: 8E26203C-28B0-4E7E-8760-D51162E0C5A5

Upis ceramboides is a species of beetle, one of many wood-living insects that benefit from forest fires. It often occurs in quantities below the bark on the fire-damaged birches, but can sometimes be seen on other deciduous trees such as willow and aspen. The larvae thrive in the inner bark which is rich in mycelia, and in the sapwood. They develop into pupae during the summer months under the bark, and they develop over two or three years. The following spring they reproduce themselves.

It has over the years have disappeared from southern Sweden and is now only locally in the Norrland coast (Västerbotten and Norrbotten) as well as Canada and Alaska.[1] The reason for the species' decline is probably the lack of fire-damaged forests and birch, and the modern forestry practices. Upis ceramboides is considered "vulnerable" in terms of species survival. In Vindeln municipality it is called köksskörven, because it occurs indoors when burning firewood in winter.[2][3][4]

The species' survival at temperatures well below freezing are attributed to the xylomannan non-protein antifreeze molecule (polysaccharide and a fatty acid)[5][6][7] as well as the sugar-alcohol, threitol.[8]

Other notable freeze-tolerant animals include the fly Polypedilum vanderplanki and the beetle Cucujus clavipes puniceus.[1]
References

Ned Rozell (Oct 2007). "Alaska beetles survive 'unearthly' temperatures".
"Sweden Entomological Society - Large black beetle". Archived from the original on 2010-04-03. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
"Darkling Beetle - Upis ceramboides, Canada".
"Images of Upis ceramboides".
Ishiwata A, Sakurai A, Nishimiya Y, Tsuda S, Ito Y (2011). "Synthetic study and structural analysis of the antifreeze agent xylomannan from Upis ceramboides". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (48): 19524–19535. doi:10.1021/ja208528c. PMID 22029271.
Crich D, Rahaman MY (2011). "Synthesis and structural verification of the xylomannan antifreeze substance from the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 76 (21): 8611–8620. doi:10.1021/jo201780e. PMC 3204896. PMID 21955117.
Walters KR Jr; Serianni AS; Sformo T; Barnes BM; Duman JG (2009). "A nonprotein thermal hysteresis-producing xylomannan antifreeze in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (48): 20210–20215. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909872106. PMC 2787118. PMID 19934038.
Walters KR Jr; Pan Q; Serianni AS; Duman JG (2009). "Cryoprotectant biosynthesis and the selective accumulation of threitol in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle, Upis ceramboides". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (25): 16822–16831. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.013870. PMC 2719318. PMID 19403530.