Trogonoptera brookiana

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Troidini
Subtribus: Troidina
Genus: Trogonoptera
Species: Trogonoptera brookiana
Subspecies: T. b. akikoa – T. b. brookiana – T. b. toshikii
Name

Trogonoptera brookiana (Wallace, 1855)
References

Hanafusa, H. 1993: A list of butterflies from Mentawai Islands, Indonesia (2). Futao 12: 10–16.
Morita, S.1994: A new subspecies of Trogonoptera brookiana (Wallace) from Tanahmasa Island, Sumatra, Indonesia. Futao 17: 10–11.

Vernacular names
English: Raja Brooke's Birdwing
中文: 翠葉紅頸鳳蝶

Trogonoptera brookiana, Rajah Brooke's birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly from the rainforests of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Natuna, Sumatra, and various small islands west of Sumatra (Banyak, Simeulue, Batu and Mentawai).[3][4] The butterfly was named by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855, after James Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak.[4] The larval host plants are Aristolochia acuminata and A. foveolata.[5] Adults sip flower nectar from plants such as Bauhinia.[4] Rajah Brooke's birdwing is a protected species, listed under Appendix II of CITES,[5][6] meaning that international export is restricted to those who have been granted a permit. It is the national butterfly of Malaysia.[7]

Description

Both sexes resemble the more restricted relative, the Palawan birdwing, but males of Rajah Brooke's birdwing have more green to the hindwings. The wingspan of Rajah Brooke's birdwing is 15–17 cm (5.9–6.7 in).[5] The wings of males are mainly black. Each forewing has seven tooth-shaped electric-green markings, while there is a relatively large electric-green patch on the hindwings. The head is bright red and the body is black with red markings. The wings of females are browner with prominent white flashes at the tips of the forewings and at the base of the hindwings.[5]
Taxonomy

Genus: Trogonoptera Rippon, 1890

Species: Trogonoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855

Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana (Wallace, 1855)

Form: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f. brookiana Wallace, 1855
Form: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f. julijae S.Hu, 2007

Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana toshikii Kobayashi, 1991
Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana akikoa Morita, 1994

Species: Trogonoptera trojana Honrath, 1886

References

Böhm, M. (2018). "Trogonoptera brookiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T91184152A91184305. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T91184152A91184305.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1855). "Description of a new Species of Ornithoptera. Ornithoptera brookiana. Wallace". The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. New Series. 3: 104–105.
The World of Birdwing Butterflies. Trogonoptera brookiana. Accessed 20 May 2012
ARKive Rajah Brooke’s birdwing. Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 20 May 2012
Butterfly Corner. Trogonoptera brookiana (Raja Brooke's Birdwing). Accessed 20 May 2012
CITES (3 April 2012) Appendices. Accessed

Butterflies of Malaysia. Accessed 20 May 2012

Goh, D (1994). "Life history of Trogonoptera brookiana albescens in Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)" (PDF). Tropical Leidoptera. 5 (1): 1–5.