Tachiniscinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Antliophora
Ordo: Diptera
Subordo: Brachycera
Infraordo: Muscomorpha
Sectio: Schizophora
Subsectio: Acalyptrata
Superfamilia: Tephritoidea

Familia: Tephritidae
Subfamilia: Tachiniscinae
Tribus (2): Ortalotrypetini - Tachiniscini
Overview of genera (10)

Agnitrena – Aliasutra – Bibundia – Cyaforma – Ischyropteron – Neortalotrypeta – Ortalotrypeta – Tachinisca – Tachiniscidia – †Protortalotrypeta
Name

Tachiniscinae Kertész, 1903
References
selected references

Korneyev, V.A.; Norrbom, A.L. 2006: Genera of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae), with discussion of the position of Descoleia Aczel and Nosferatumyia, gen. n. (Tephritoidea incertae sedis). Pp. 105-155 in: Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biology of tephritoid flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea). Proceedings of the "3rd Tephritoid Taxonomist's Meeting, Geneva, 19.-24. July 2004". [Instrumenta Biodiversitatis VII.], Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve.
Korneyev, V.A. 2012: A new genus and species of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 64(3): 159–166. DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.64.2012.1593 Reference page.

The Tachiniscinae are a subfamily of the fruit fly family Tephritidae. They are treated by some authorities as a separate family, Tachiniscidae. An undetermined species of the genus Tachiniscidia has been reared from Saturniidae caterpillars in Nigeria.

The family Tachiniscidae was established by Kertész[1] for a single species, Tachinisca cyaneiventris Kertész, 1903 from Peru and Bolivia. Kertész correctly placed that family in the “Muscidae acalyptratae”, in spite of its tachinid-like appearance. In the same year, Bischof [2] described another genus, Bibundia, with a single species, B. hermanni Bischof (from Central Africa), which he assigned to “Ortalidae”. Malloch [3] described one more monotypic tachiniscid genus, Tachiniscidia, with the type species T. africana Malloch from “Chirinda Forest, S. Rhodesia” (Zimbabwe).

The only host data recorded for these three genera, or any other Tachiniscinae, is the mention of “Anthophasia robertsi Cogan” (nomen nudum; listed by Cogan [4] as an undescribed species of Bibundia) reared from pupae of Bunaea alcinoe Stoll and Imbrasia obscura Butler (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) by Roberts (1969). The exact identity of the host species needs further investigation, as Cogan (1980: 555) stated that “A single specimen of a Bibundia species has been reared by Roberts (1969) from a caterpillar of a saturniid moth, Imbrasia nictitans Fabricius” (=Imbrasia epimethea Drury).

The genera and species currently placed in the tribe Ortalotrypetini were originally assigned to the family Tephritidae, and generally fit its diagnosis well. Hendel (1927) established the genus Ortalotrypeta with two species from China (Sichuan), O. gigas Hendel and O. idana Hendel, which he considered related to Acanthonevra Macquart and allied genera of fruit flies. Later, eight additional species from southeastern China and northern Vietnam. The genus Cyaphorma Wang 1989, very close to Ortalotrypeta, was described from China (Wang, 1989). Ito (1983) established the tribe Ortalotrypetini in his key to genera of Japanese Tephritidae. He included the single genus Ortalotrypeta to separate it from genera of the tribe Acanthonevrini. The tribe was preliminarily revised by Norrbom.[5]

McAlpine (1989) presumed that the Tachiniscidae could be a sister-group of Pyrgotidae based only on their parasitic larval habits.

Korneyev [6] hypothesized that the highly specialized structure of female ovipositor as a synapomorphy of Ortalotrypetini and Tachiniscidae and joined them as a subfamily Tachiniscinae in the family Tephritidae, as the sister group to other tephritid taxa. Korneyev & Norrbom[7] summarized all the taxonomy data on the genera of the tribe. And later, Han & Ro[8] provided the results of phylogeny reconstruction of the family Tephritidae (Diptera) from 12S, 16S, and COII mitochondrial gene fragments, which strongly supported the hypothesis of Tachiniscinae monophyly and sister-group relationships to the remaining group of Tephritidae than to Pyrgotidae.
Classification

Tribe Ortalotrypetini:

Cyaforma
Ischyropteron
Neortalotrypeta
Ortalotrypeta
Protortalotrypeta

Tribe Tachiniscini:

Bibundia
Tachinisca
Tachiniscidia

References

Kertész, K. (1903). "Eine neue Familie der acalyptraten Musciden". Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 1: 355–358 & plate 15.
Bischof, J. (1903). "Neue Dipteren aus Afrika". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 22: 41–42. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.9735.
Malloch, J. R. (1931). "Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera) — XXXII". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (7): 314–340. doi:10.1080/00222933108673319.
Cogan, B.H. (1980). "Family Tachiniscidae". In Crosskey, R.W. (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History). p. 555. ISBN 0565008218.
Norrbom, L. A. (1994). "New genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Ortalotrypetini". Insecta Mundi. 8 (1–2): 1–15.
Korneyev, V.A. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among higher groups of the superfamily Tephritoidea". In Aluja, Martin; Norrbom, Allen (eds.). Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press. pp. 3–22. ISBN 978-0-8493-1275-5.
Korneyev, V. A. & Norrbom, A. L. (2006). "Genera of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae), with discussion of the Position of Descoleia Aczél and Nosferatumyia, gen. n. (Tephritoidea incertae sedis)". Instrumentas Biodiversitatis. Geneva. 7: 105–156.
Han, H.-Y.. & Ro, K.-E. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the family Tephritidae (Insecta: Diptera): new insight from combined analysis of the mitochondrial 12S, 16S, and COII genes". Molecules and Cells. 27 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1007/s10059-009-0005-3. PMID 19214434. S2CID 38857558.