Sinthusa

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Lycaenidae
Subfamilia: Theclinae
Tribe: Deudorigini
Genus: Sinthusa
Species: S. aspra – S. chandrana – S. indrasari – S. kawazoei – S. makikoae – S. malika – S. menglaensis – S. mindanensis – S. nasaka – S. natsumiae – S. peregrinus – S. privata – S. rayata – S. stephaniae – S. verriculata – S. virgo – S. yagishitai – S. zhejiangensis
Name

Sinthusa Moore, 1884.

Type species: Thecla nasaka Horsfield, [1829].
Synonymy

Sinthusa Moore, 1884: 33.
Pseudochliaria Tytler, 1915: 139.

References

Eliot, J.N. 1973. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), entomology 28(6): 371-505. Reference page.
Hayashi, H., Schröder, H.G. & Treadaway, C. G., 1978. New species of Rapala and Sinthusa from Mindanao (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Tyô-to-Ga 29(5): 215-219. Reference page.
Hayashi, H. 1981. New Lycaenid butterflies from the Philippines. Tyô to Ga 32(1,2): 63–82. DOI: 10.18984/lepid.32.1-2_63 Reference page.
Hemming, A. F., 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1-509.Reference page.
Horsfield, T. 1828–1829. A descriptive catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Honourable East India Company. 144 pp., 8 pls. London. BHL text, plates. Reference page.
Huang, H. 2003. A list of butterflies collected from Nujiang (Lou Tse Kiang) and Dulongjiang, China, with descriptions of new species, new subspecies and revisional notes. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 55: 3–114. PDF. Reference page.
Huang, H. & Xue, Y.P. 2004a. A new species of Miletus from the extreme south of Yunnan, China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 57: 155–160. Reference page.
Moore, F. 1884. Descriptions of some new Asiatic diurnal lepidoptera; chiefly from Specimens contained in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Journal Asiatic Society Bengal 53(2): 16–52. BHL. Reference page.
Takanami, Y., 1994b. A new species of genus Sinthusa (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Sumatra. Tyô to Ga 45(1): 17029. PDF. Reference page.
Treadaway, C.G. & Schröder, H.G. 2012. Revised checklist of the butterflies of the Philippine Islands (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 32 (Suppl. 20): 64pp. Reference page.
Tytler, H. C., 1915. Notes on some new and interesting butterflies from Manipur and the Naga Hills, Pt. III. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 119-155, pl.3, pl.4. Reference page.

Sinthusa is a genus of lycaenid butterflies, the sparks. They are small species with the male genitalia and secondary sexual characters of Virachola, but less robust and weaker in flight. The males are easily recognized, with the forewings oily indigo blue changing to shining blue in a side light and hindwings shining violet blue in all lights. The species of this genus are found in the Indomalayan realm. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1884.
Species

Sinthusa chandrana Moore
Sinthusa peregrinus Staudinger
Sinthusa nasaka Horsfield
Sinthusa malika Horsfield
Sinthusa privata Fruhstorfer
Sinthusa kawazoei H. Hayashi, 1976
Sinthusa virgo Elwes
Sinthusa makikoae H. Hayashi & Ohtsuka
Sinthusa mindanensis H. Hayashi, Schröder & Treadaway
Sinthusa natsumiae H. Hayashi
Sinthusa stephaniae H. Hayashi, Schröder & Treadaway

References

Seitz, A., 1924-1927: The Macrolepidoptera of the World, 9: 903–1026. Stuttgart.
Eliot J.N., 1992: In Corbet & Pendlebury. The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, 4th ed. x+595pp, 69pls. Kuala Lumpur.
Treadaway, Colin G., 1995: Checklist of the Butterflies of the Philippine Islands. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Suppl. 14: 7–118.
Seki, Y., Takanami, Y. & Otsuka K., 1991: Butterflies of Borneo, Lycaenidae. 2 (1): 1–113. Toboshima Corporation. Tokyo.
Treadaway, Colin G. & Schröder, Heinz, 2012: Revised Checklist of the Butterflies of the Philippine Islands. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Suppl. 20: 1-64.