Rhysodini

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Adephaga

Familia: Carabidae
Subfamilia: incertae sedis
Tribus: Rhysodini
Subtribus (7): Clinidiina - Dhysorina - Leoglymmiina - Medisorina - Omoglymmiina - Rhysodina - Sloanoglymmiina
Name

Rhysodini Laporte, 1840
Synonyms

Rhysodidae

References

Bell, R.T.; Bell, J.R. 1991: The Rhysodini of (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae or Rhysodidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 60(3): 179–210.

Bell, R.T.; Bell, J.R. 2009: Rhysodine beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae): new species, new data III. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 78 (1): 45–77. DOI: 10.2992/007.078.0104
Bell, R.T. & Bell, J.R., 2011: Four new species of Rhysodini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with revised keys to Grouvellina Bell & Bell and the mishmicus group of Rhyzodiastes Fairmaire. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A NS 4: 129–135. Full article: [1].
Makarov, K.V. 2008: Larval chaetotaxy in the genus Rhysodes Dalman, 1823 and the position of Rhysodidae within Adephaga (Coleoptera). Pp. 101-123 in: Penev, L.; Erwin, T.L.; Assmann, T. (eds), Back to the Roots and back to the future: towards a new synthesis between taxonomic, ecological, and biogeographical approaches in carabidology. Proceedings of the XIII European Carabidologists Meeting, Blagoevgrad, August 20-24, 2007. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 1 ed. I. Lobl, & A. Smetana, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 2003 and 2004 ISBN 87-88757-73-0, p.78

Links

Australian Faunal Directory
Bell, Ross T. 1999. Rhysodini. Wrinkled Bark Beetles. Version 14 December 1999 in The Tree of Life Web Project
Atlas of wrinkled bark beetles (Rhysodidae) of Russia
Carabidae of the World
EoL (as Rhysodidae)

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Runzelkäfer
English: wrinkled bark beetles
日本語: セスジムシ科
한국어: 등줄벌레족
русский: Ризодиды
中文: 背條蟲科

Rhysodidae (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) is a family of beetles, consisting of more than 350 species in about 20 genera.

These beetles are elongate, in size ranging from 5–8 mm, and color ranging from a reddish brown to black. Both the thorax and the elytra are deeply grooved lengthwise, thus giving these beetles their common name. The head is also grooved, and posteriorly constricted into a short but visible "neck". The 11-segment antennae are short, resembling a string of beads, while the mandibles lack cutting edges and are thus nonfunctional. The front legs are short and strongly built.

Adults and larvae live in moist rotten wood that is infested with slime moulds, which are believed to be their diet. Instead of using their mandibles to bite, they use the anterior edge of the mentum and swivel their heads to cut off pieces of food. Adults do not make burrows, instead just squeezing between the cell layers of the decomposed wood, generally leaving no visible trace of their passage, while larvae live in short tunnels.

They occur on all continents with forested areas, the richest fauna being found in New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines, and northern South America.

Classification remains controversial, with specialist Ross T. Bell arguing for placement as a tribe Rhysodini of Carabidae, while R. G. Beutel and others argue that larval characteristics indicate that rhysodids are their own family.[1] Recent DNA analysis supports the placement of Rhysodidae within the family Carabidae.[2]

The following genera have generally been treated as members of the family Rhysodidae, but are now sometimes considered members of Carabidae instead.

Arrowina Bell & Bell, 1978 (Palearctic, Indomalaya)
Clinidium Kirby 1835
Dhysores Grouvelle 1903 (Africa)
Grouvellina Bell & Bell 1978 (Madagascar, Comoros)
Kaveinga Bell & Bell 1978 (Australasia)
Kupeus Bell & Bell 1982 (New Zealand)
Leoglymmius Bell & Bell, 1978 (Australia)
Medisores Bell & Bell, 1987 (South Africa)
Neodhysores Bell & Bell 1978 (South America)
Omoglymmius Ganglbauer, 1891
Plesioglymmius Bell & Bell, 1978
Rhysodes Germar 1822 (Paleac)
Rhyzodiastes Fairmaire 1895
Shyrodes Grouvelle, 1903 (Indomalaya)
Sloanoglymmius Bell & Bell, 1991 (Australia)
Srimara Bell & Bell, 1978 (Vietnam)
Tangarona Bell & Bell 1982 (New Zealand)
Xhosores Bell & Bell, 1978 (South Africa)
Yamatosa Bell & Bell, 1979

References

Bousquet, Yves (2012). "Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico". ZooKeys. Pensoft (245): 1–1722. doi:10.3897/zookeys.245.3416. PMC 3577090. PMID 23431087.

Mckenna, Duane D.; Wild, Alexander L.; Kanda, Kojun; Bellamy, Charles L.; et al. (2015). "The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end‐Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution". Systematic Entomology. 40 (4): 835–880. doi:10.1111/syen.12132. hdl:10057/11540.

Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2001)
Rolf G. Beutel; Richard A. B. Leschen (2005). Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) (in German) (1st ed.). de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-017130-9.