Phasmatidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Supercohort: Polyneoptera
Cohort: Anartioptera
Magnordo: Polyorthoptera
Superordo: Orthopterida
Ordo: Phasmatodea
Subordo: Verophasmatodea
Infraordo: Anareolatae

Familia: Phasmatidae
Subfamiliae: Cladomorphinae - Clitumninae - Eurycanthinae - Extatosomatinae - Lonchodinae - Phasmatinae - Platycraninae - Tropidoderinae - Xeroderinae
Genera Incertae Sedis: Achrioptera – Diagoras – Eucarcharus – Glawiana – Hermarchus – Macrophasma – Monoiognosis – Nesiophasma – Phasmotaenia – Sadyattes – Spathomorpha – Stephanacris

Name

Phasmatidae Gray 1835
References

Hennemann, F.H.; Conle, O.V. 2008: Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906: 1–316. [Abstract & excerpt: [1]]
Dryococelus australis — Lord Howe Island Phasmid, Land Lobster
El insecto gigante conocido por "dryococelus australis" y que convivió con los dinosaurios no se extinguió como se creía, ya que un grupo de científicos encontró una colonia en la pequeña isla Balls Pyramid
Paul D. Brock 2009: Phasmida Species File (Version 2.1/3.5) [2]

Links

Phasmatidae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Phasmatidae – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
EOL: Phasmatidae

Vernacular names
English: walking sticks
magyar: Valódi botsáskák
日本語: ナナフシ科

The Phasmatidae are a family of the stick insects (order Phasmatodea). They belong to the superfamily Anareolatae of suborder Verophasmatodea.[1]

Like many of their relatives, the Phasmatidae are capable of regenerating limbs and commonly reproduce by parthenogenesis. Despite their bizarre, even threatening appearance, they are harmless to humans.

The Phasmatidae contain some of the largest insects in existence. An undescribed species of Phryganistria is the longest living insect known, able to reach a total length of 64 cm (25.2 inch).[2]

Subfamilies

Following the Phasmid Study Group, nine subfamilies are recognized in the Phasmatidae. Other treatments differ, sometimes recognizing as few as six.[1]

The Lonchodinae were historically often placed in the Diapheromeridae, the other family of the Anareolatae. The Phasmatinae are often expanded to include the two tribes here separated as the Clitumninae, while the Extatosomatinae may be similarly included in the Tropidoderinae as a tribe.

The Phasmid Species File[3] currently lists:

Cladomorphinae (found in: Southern America, Madagascar, Java, Sulawesi)
Clitumninae (sometimes in Phasmatinae)
Extatosomatinae: contains the single genus Extatosoma Gray, 1833 (found in Australasia)
Lonchodinae (sometimes in Diapheromeridae: now includes the Eurycanthinae)
Megacraniinae (Asia, Australasia)
Pachymorphinae
Phasmatinae (sometimes includes Clitumninae)
Platycraninae (Asia, Australasia)
Tropidoderinae (sometimes includes Extatosomatinae)
Xeroderinae

In addition, the extinct subfamily Echinosomiscinae is known from the genus Echinosomiscus from the Burmese amber.[4]

In addition, a number of Phasmatidae taxa are here considered incertae sedis:[1]

Tribe Achriopterini (Africa, Madagascar)
Achrioptera Coquerel, 1861
Glawiana Hennemann & Conle, 2004
Tribe not placed
Monoiognosis Cliquennois & Brock, 2004 (Mauritius)
Spathomorpha Cliquennois, 2005 (Madagascar)

Consequently, numerous taxa are transferred or re-transferred to other genera, which results in 22 new or revised combinations or status of genera and species.
Male Phobaeticus chani, "Chan's megastick", one of the world's longest insect species[5]
See also

James Wood-Mason
List of Phasmatidae genera

References

"Phasmatidae". Phasmida SpeciesFile. Phasmid Study Group. September 28, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
"Longest insect". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
Phasmida Species File (Version 5.0/5.0)
Engel, Michael S.; Wang, Bo; Alqarni, Abdulaziz S. (August 2016). "A thorny, 'anareolate' stick-insect (Phasmatidae s.l.) in Upper Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, with remarks on diversification times among Phasmatodea". Cretaceous Research. 63: 45–53. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.015.

"World's Longest Insect Revealed". Natural History Museum. 16 October 2008.

Hennemann, Frank H.; Conle, Oskar V. (2008). "Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Gunther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae)". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 1906: 1–316. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1906.1.1.

Further reading

Balderson, J., Rentz, D.C.F. and Roach, A.M.E. (1998). in Houston, W.K.K. & Wells, A. (1998) (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 23. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, Australia. pp. 347–376.
Bradley, J.C., and Galil, B.S. (1977). The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79(2): 176–208.
Gurney, A.B. (1947). Notes on some remarkable Australasian walkingsticks, including a synopsis of the Genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 40(3): 373–396.
Key, K.H.L. (1970). Phasmatodea (Stick-insects). pp. 394–404 in CSIRO (ed.) The Insects of Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, Vol. 1.
Kirby, W.F. (1904). A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. 8vo. Vol. 1. Orthoptera, Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria (Forficulidæ, Hemimeridæ, Blattidæ, Mantidæ, Phasmidæ). London: Longmans & Co. x 501 pp.
Latreille, P.A. (1817). Volume 3: Les Crustacés, Les Arachnides et Les Insectes, Cuvier, G.L.C.F.D. (1817). Le Régne Animal. Paris.
Rentz, D.C.F (1996). Grasshopper Country, Chapter 16, Phasmatodea: Leaf and Stick Insects, pp. 244–257.