Parnassiinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Parnassiinae
Tribus (3): Luehdorfiini - Parnassiini – Zerynthiini

Name

Parnassiinae Duponchel, 1835
References

Allio, R., Scornavacca, C., Nabholz, B., Clamens, A.L., Sperling, F.A.H. & Condamine, F.L. 2020. Whole Genome Shotgun Phylogenomics Resolves the Pattern and Timing of Swallowtail Butterfly Evolution. Systematic Biology 69(1): 38–60. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz030. Reference page.
Condamine, F.L., Sperling, F.A.H., Wahlberg, N., Rasplus, J-Y. & Kergoat, G.J. 2012. What causes latitudinal gradients in species diversity? Evolutionary processes and ecological constraints on swallowtail biodiversity. Ecology Letters 15(3): 267–277. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01737.x. Reference page.
Condamine, F.L., Sperling, F.A.H. & Kergoat, G.J. 2013. Global biogeographical pattern of swallowtail diversification demonstrates alternative colonization routes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Journal of Biogeography 40(1): 9–23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02787.x. Reference page.
Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V. & Sperling, F.A.H. 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42(1): 131–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.022 Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Snow Apollos
日本語: ウスバアゲハ亜科 or ウスバシロチョウ亜科
中文: 絹蝶亞科

The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.[2]

Tribes
Parnassinae
Parnassiini
 

Hypermnestra
 
 

Parnassius
 
 
Luehdorfiini
 
 

Archon
 
 

Doritites bosniackii
 
 
 

Luehdorfia
 
 
Zerythiini
 

Sericinus
 
 
 

Bhutanitis
 
 
 

Zerynthia
 
 

Allancastria
 
 
 
 
 

? Thaites
 
 
A proposed phylogeny of the Parnassius and related groups.[3]

This subfamily consists of the following tribes: