Oxycoryninae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Superfamilia: Curculionoidea

Familia: Belidae
Subfamilia: Oxycoryninae
Genera (23): Afrocorynus – Aglycyderes – Alloxycorynus – Aralius – Archicorynus – Balanophorobius – Hispodes – Hydnorobius – Lyalixena – Metrioxena – Oxycorynus – Oxycraspedus – Parallocorynus – Prometrioxena – Proterhinus – Rhopalotria – Vladimirixena – Wallacexena – Zherichinixena – †Archimetrioxena – †Distenorrhinoides – †Khetana – †Palaeometrioxena – †Paltorhynchus – †Succinometrioxena

[source: Legalov (2009), suprageneric classification not used here]

Name

Oxycoryninae Schönherr, 1840
Type genus: Oxycorynus Chevrolat, 1832
Stem: Oxycoryn-
ZooBank [no record]

Synonyms

ordered by date (year), then alphabetically by author, then alphabetically by type genus (includes valid name)

Type genus: Aglycyderes Westwood, 1864
Stem: Aglycyder-
Author/date: Wollaston, 1864
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Allocorynus Sharp, 1890 [=Rhopalotria Chevrolat, 1878]
Stem: Allocoryn-
Author/date: Sharp, 1890
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Proterhinus Sharp, 1878
Stem: Proterhin-
Author/date: Fauvel, 1891
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Platycephala Montrouzier, 1861 [junior homonym] [=Aralius Kuschel, 1990]
Stem: Platycephal-
Author/date: Paulian, 1944
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Metrioxena Pascoe, 1870
Stem: Metrioxen-
Author/date: Voss, 1953
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Afrocorynus Marshall, 1955
Stem: Afrocoryn-
Author/date: Voss, 1957
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Hispodes Marshall, 1955
Stem: Hispod-
Author/date: Voss, 1957
ZooBank [no record]
Type genus: Oxycraspedus Kuschel, 1955
Stem: Oxycrasped-
Author/date: Marvaldi & Oberprieler in Marvaldi et al., 2006
ZooBank [no record]
NOTE: Possibly unavailable on a strict interpretation of Article 16.2
Type genus: Alloxycorynus Voss, 1957
Stem: Alloxycoryn-
Author/date: Legalov, 2009
ZooBank
Type genus: Distenorrhinoides Gratshev & Zherikhin, 2000
Stem: Distenorrhinoid-
Author/date: Legalov, 2009
ZooBank
Type genus: Zherichinixena Legalov, 2009
Stem: Zherichinixen-
Author/date: Legalov, 2009
ZooBank

References

Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Lawrence, J.F., Lyal, C.H.C., Newton, A.F., Reid, C.A.M., Schmitt, M., Ślipiński, S.A. & Smith, A.B.T. 2011. Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 88: 1–972. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807 Open access. PMC: 3088472 Open access. Reference page.
Legalov, A.A. 2009: Annotated checklist of recent and fossil species of the family Belidae (Coleoptera) from the world fauna. Amurian zoological journal 1(4): 296–324. Online.
Marvaldi, A.E. 2005: Larval morphology and biology of oxycorynine weevils and the higher phylogeny of Belidae (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Zoologica scripta, 34 (1): 37–48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00169.x
Marvaldi, A.E.; Oberprieler, R.G.; Lyal, C.H.C.; Bradbury, T.; Anderson, R.S. 2006: Phylogeny of the Oxycoryninae sensu lato (Coleoptera: Belidae) and evolution of host-plant associations. Invertebrate systematics, 20 (4): 447–476. DOI: 10.1071/IS05059
O'Brien, C.W. & Tang, W. 2015: Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970(1): 1–87. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1. Preview (PDF) ISBN 978-1-77557-719-5 (paperback); ISBN 978-1-77557-720-1 (Online edition) Reference page.

External links

Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (as Oxycorynidae) [defective, lists only the following genera (9): Aglycyderes – Allocorynus – Engonius – Metrioxena – Oxycorynus – Paltorhynchus – Proterhinus – Proterrhinus – Rhopalotria
]
EoL (as Oxycorynidae) [defective, as above]

Oxycoryninae are subfamily of primitive weevils of the family Belidae, but sometimes treated as a distinct family Oxycorynidae. Like in other belids, their antennae are straight, not elbowed as in the true weevils (Curculionidae), and their larvae feed on the wood of diseased or dying plants or on deadwood or fruits; they tend to avoid healthy plants.[1]

The Oxycoryninae contain a mere 13 living genera altogether, more than half of which are in the tribe Oxycorynini. Of the three tribes recognized here, two are very small but one of these, the Aglycyderini, are often treated as a distinct subfamily. However, they share several traits with other Oxycoryninae, especially with the Metrioxenini (the other minor tribe). The fossil record shows that the three tribes were well distinct by the mid-Paleogene, about 50 million years ago. The belids as a whole are of Jurassic origin, and the Oxycoryninae must thus date from the Late Jurassic or at most Early Cretaceous, roughly some 150 million years ago.[2]

Oxycoryninae, as defined by Pascoe in 1870, refers to what today is the tribe Oxycorynini. Oxycorynidae, as defined by Kolbe in 1908, also refers to the Oxycorynini.

Description

Except in the Aglycyderini, the rostrum ("snout") of adult Oxycoryninae is located high on the head and the underside of the head is very much rounded; this can be appreciated in profile. The second funicle segment is not longer than the first and may be shorter.

The mesothoracal sternite is flattened but between the second leg pair there is a protrusion projecting at an angle of about 45°. The procoxa has no visible suture except the hole through which the trochanter tip (onto which the procoxa latches) can be seen. The first tarsal segment is tiny (shorter than the second one) and hardly visible.[1]

In the larvae, the antennae are reduced to a single segment, which bears the sensorium on a little knob. The apical segment of the maxillary palpus carries no setae, and the labium has no strut. The spiracles have soft walls without sclerotized rings.[1]
Notable genera

Aglycyderes (Aglycyderini) – occurs more than 15,000 km (9,300 mi) away from its closest living relatives.
Metrioxena (Metrioxenini) – prehistoric species may have lived 50 million years ago.
Parallocorynus and Rhopalotria (Oxycorynini) – the "cycad beetles" of Florida, Cuba and Central America.

Footnotes

Marvaldi et al. (2006)

Marvaldi et al. (2006), Ming et al. (2006)

References

Marvaldi, A.E.; Oberprieler, R.G.; Lyal, C.H.C.; Bradbury, T. & Anderson, R.S. (2006): Phylogeny of the Oxycoryninae sensu lato (Coleoptera: Belidae) and evolution of host-plant associations. Invertebrate Systematics 20: 447–476. doi:10.1071/IS05059 (HTML abstract)
Ming, Liu; Dong, Ren & Chungkun, Shi (2006): A new fossil weevil (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Belidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Progress in Natural Science 16 (8): 885-888. doi:10.1080/10020070612330084 (HTML abstract)