Ornithoptera

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Troidini
Subtribus: Troidina
Genus: Ornithoptera
Subgenera: O. (Aetheoptera) – O. (Ornithoptera) – O. (Schoenbergia) – O. (Straatmana)

The Ornithoptera pages are under construction after:

Deslisle, G. & Sclavo, J.P. 2015. Outstanding Birdwing Butterflies. Volume 1: 1–813. Reference page. en
Deslisle, G. & Sclavo, J.P. 2015. Outstanding Birdwing Butterflies. Volume 2: 814–1642. Reference page. PeterR (talk) 12:37, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Overview of species

O. aesacus – O. alexandrae – O. chimaera – O. croesus – O. goliath – O. meridionalis – O. paradisea – O. priamus – O. rothschildi – O. tithonus – O. victoriae
Name

Ornithoptera Boisduval, 1832

Type species: Papilio priamus Linnaeus, 1958.
References

Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.), 1: 33.
Deslisle, G. 2007. Straatmania: A replacement name for the subgenus Zeunera Deslisle 2001 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea (n.s.), 107(1): 238. Reference page.
Deslisle, G. 2007a. A new local form of Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) ssp. T. Tithonus de Haan, 1840, from Wasior Dist., Wondiboi Mts, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea (n.s.), 107(2): 271–275. Reference page.
Deslisle, G. & Sclavo, J.P. 2008. New individual forms of the genus Ornithoptera Boisduval, 1832 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea (n.s.) 108(2 suppl. III): 3–21. Reference page.
Deslisle, G. & Sclavo, J.P. 2015. Outstanding Birdwing Butterflies. Volume 1: 1–813. Reference page.
Deslisle, G. & Sclavo, J.P. 2015. Outstanding Birdwing Butterflies. Volume 2: 814–1642. Reference page.
Hanafusa, H. 1994: On a new subspecies of Ornithoptera goliath Oberthür from Yapen Island, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Futao 15: 1–4.
Haugum, J.; Low, A.M. 1978: A monograph of the birdwing butterflies. Vol. 1, part 1. Introduction, Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera). Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Denmark. ISBN 87-87491-18-4 (part 1-3, paper-back) ISBN 87-87491-20-6 (parts 1-6, paper-back) ISBN 87-87491-22-2 (vols. 1 & 2, bound)
Haugum, J.; Low, A.M. 1979: A monograph of the birdwing butterflies. Vol. 1, part 2. Introduction, Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera). Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Denmark. ISBN 87-87491-18-4 (part 1-3, paper-back) ISBN 87-87491-20-6 (parts 1-6, paper-back) ISBN 87-87491-22-2 (vols. 1 & 2, bound)
Haugum, J.; Low, A.M. 1979: A monograph of the birdwing butterflies. Vol. 1, part 3. Introduction, Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia). Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Denmark. ISBN 87-87491-18-4 (part 1-3, paper-back) ISBN 87-87491-20-6 (parts 1-6, paper-back) ISBN 87-87491-22-2 (vols. 1 & 2, bound)
von Knötgen, B. 1986. Eine extreme Variante des Vogelflüglers Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus urvillianus Guerin Meneville 1838. Galathea 2: 20-24. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
von Knötgen, B. 1987. Eine auffallende Neu-Form bei den Vogelflüglern. Galathea 3: 5-9. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
von Knötgen, B. 1987a. Übergangsformen von Ornithoptera croesus croesus Wallace 1859 und O. croesus lydius Felder 1865 (Ornithoptera, Lep.). Galathea 3: 123-127. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
von Knötgen, B. 1988. Bilddarstellung eines natürlichen Hybriden aus der Großfamilie der "Vogelflügler". Galathea 4: 61-63. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
von Knötgen, B. 1988a. Bilddarstellung eines "Roten Männchens" von Ornithoptera Aetheoptera victoriae ssp. epiphanes. Galathea 4: 87-90. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
von Knötgen, B. 1988b. Allopatrie und Sympatrie Gedanken und Betrachtungen in Verbindung mit Schmetterlingen der Australischen Region. Galathea 4: 132-136. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
von Knötgen, B. 1989. Bilddarstellung einer "Braunen Variante" von Ornithoptera Aetheoptera victoriae reginae. Galathea 5: 31-34. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Morita S., 2000: A new subspecies of Ornithoptera victoriae (Gray, 1856) from Mara Masike Is. (Small Malaita Is.), Solomon Islands (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Futao 33: 18–19.
Morita, S. & T. Sugiyama, 1998: A new subspecies of Ornithoptera goliath (Oberthür, 1888) from Sorong, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Futao 30: 2–4.
Morita, S. & A. Takenaka, 1998: A new subspecies of Ornithoptera paradisea (Staudinger, 1893) from Sorong, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Futao 29: 14–15.
Schäffler, O., 2001: Papilionidae VI, Ornithopthera in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the World. part 12.
So, H. & S. Sato, 1998: A new subspecies of Ornithoptera paradisea Staudinger, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 49(2): 135–146. Full article: [1].
Sugiyama, T., 2000: A new subspecies of Ornithoptera paradisea (Staudinger, 1893) from Salawati Island, Indonesia (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Futao 35: 11–13.

Vernacular names
English: Birdwings
中文: 鳥翼鳳蝶屬

Ornithoptera is a genus of birdwing butterflies found in the northern portion of the Australasian realm, east of Weber's line; the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and northeastern Australia. Except for Ornithoptera richmondia, which may be found in far northeastern New South Wales, Australia, therefore the southernmost distribution of birdwings. This genus includes the two largest butterfly species in the world, the Queen Alexandra's birdwing and the Goliath birdwing. Ornithoptera species are highly prized by insect collectors because they are rare, large, and stunningly beautiful, arguably the most beautiful butterflies in the world.[2][3]
Species

subgenus: Aetheoptera

Ornithoptera victoriae – Queen Victoria's birdwing

subgenus: Ornithoptera

Ornithoptera aesacus – Obi Island birdwing
Ornithoptera croesus – Wallace's golden birdwing
Ornithoptera euphorion – Cairns birdwing
Ornithoptera priamus – common green birdwing
Ornithoptera richmondia – Richmond birdwing

subgenus: Schoenbergia

Ornithoptera chimaera – chimaera birdwing
Ornithoptera goliath – Goliath birdwing
Ornithoptera meridionalis – southern tailed birdwing
Ornithoptera paradisea – paradise birdwing
Ornithoptera rothschildi – Rothschild's birdwing
Ornithoptera tithonus – Tithonus birdwing

subgenus: Straatmana

Ornithoptera alexandrae – Queen Alexandra's birdwing

References

Ornithoptera at Butterflies and Moths of the World, Natural History Museum
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1869). The Malay Archipelago Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co. Retrieved 9 June 2021. "…Ornithoptera, the largest, the most perfect, and the most beautiful of butterflies."
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1859). "Exhibitions". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, 1858-1859: 70. "Is it, I think, the finest of the Ornithoptera, and consequently the finest butterfly in the world?"