Omma

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Archostemata
Superfamilia: Cupedoidea

Familia: Ommatidae
Subfamilia: Ommatinae
Tribus: Ommatini
Genus: Omma
Species (16): O. mastersi – O. rutherfordi – O. sagitta – O. stanleyi – †O. aberratum – †O. altajense – †O. antennatum – †O. avus – †O. brevipes – †O. delicata – †O. gobiense – †O. jurassicum – †O. liassicum – †O. pilosum – †O. sibiricum – †O. zitteli
Name

Omma Newman, 1839

Synonyms

†Procarabus Oppenheim, 1888
†Ommamima Ponomarenko, 1964

Type species

Omma Newman: Omma stanleyi Newman, 1839, by monotypy
Ommamima Ponomarenko: Ommamima pilosum Ponomarenko, 1964, by original designation
Procarabus Oppenheim: Procarabus zitteli Oppenheim, 1888, by original designation

References
cited sources

Newman, E. 1839: Supplementary note to the synonomy of Passandra. Annals and magazine of Natural History, 3: 303–305. BHL
Oppenheim, P. 1888: Die Insektenwelt des lithographischen Schiefers in Bayern. Palaeontographica, 34: 215–247.
Ponomarenko, A.G. 1964: [New beetles of the family Cupedidae from the Jurassic of Karatau.] Paleontologicheskii zhurnal, 1964 (2): 49–62. [In Russian]

Additional references

Lawrence, J.F. 1999: The Australian Ommatidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata): new species, larva and discussion of relationships. Invertebrate taxonomy, 13: 369–390. DOI: 10.1071/IT99008

Links

ION
Nomenclator Zoologicus

Omma is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae. Omma is an example of a living fossil. The oldest species known, O. liassicum, lived during the final stage of the Triassic (Rhaetian), over 200 million years ago, though the placement of this species in Omma has been questioned.[1] Numerous other fossil species are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. The only living species is Omma stanleyi, which is endemic to Australia. Three other extant species endemic to Australia that were formerly part of this genus were moved to the separate genus Beutelius in 2020.[2] Omma stanleyi is strongly associated with wood, being found under Eucalyptus bark and exhibiting thanatosis when disturbed. Its larval stage and many other life details are unknown due to its rarity. Males are typically 14-20 mm in length, while females are 14.4-27.5 mm. Omma stanleyi occurs throughout eastern Australia from Victoria to Central Queensland.[2]

Description
Omma janetae from Burmese amber (early Cenomanian ~99 Ma)

According to Li, Huang & Cai, 2021, Omma is distinguished from other ommatid beetles by the following characters:[1]

Head without prominent posterior protuberances. Labrum with dentate anterior margin. Separate mentum absent. Anterior third of gulamentum not depressed. Pronotal disc with rounded lateral edges; dorsal surface without ridges or protuberances. Sternopleural suture absent. Prosternal process short. Punctured explanate elytral epipleura absent. CuA of hind wings forked; wedge cell present. Abdominal ventrites abutting.

Species, temporal and spatial distribution

The following extinct and extant species have been described.[3][4][5]

Taxa labelled (?) are considered questionable by Kirejtshuk, 2020

Omma stanleyi Newman, 1839 (type), recent, Australia
Fossil species

Middle-Late Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation and Tiaojishan Formation, Inner Mongolia, China,
Omma ancistrodontum Tan et al. 2012 (Callovian-Oxfordian), Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China
(?)Omma daxishanense Cai and Huang 2017 Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) , China
Omma delicatum Tan, Wang, Ren & Yang, 2012

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
Omma aberratum Ponomarenko, 1968
(?)Omma grande Ponomarenko 1964
Omma jurassicum Ponomarenko, 1968
Omma pilosum (Ponomarenko, 1964) = Ommamima pilosum
Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Solnhofen Limestone, Bavaria, Germany
(?)Omma brevipes Deichmueller, 1886,
Omma zitteli (Oppenheim, 1888) = Procarabus zitteli,
Lower Cretaceous (Aptian), Dzun-Bain Formation, Bon-Tsagan, Mongolia
(?)Omma antennatum Ponomarenko, 1997
Omma longicolle Ponomarenko 1997
Mid Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) Burmese amber, Myanmar
Omma davidbatteni Jarzembowski et al. 2020
Omma forte Li, Huang & Cai, 2021
Omma janetae Kirejtshuk 2020
Omma lii Jarzembowski et al. 2016
Omma manukyani (Kirejtshuk, 2020) formerly placed in separate genus Cionocups.[1]
Omma (Coronomma) axsmithi Jarzembowski, Zheng & Zhao, 2022[6]
Other Species:
(?)Omma altajense Ponomarenko, 1997, Middle to Late Jurassic, Togo-Khuduk Formation, Bakhar, Mongolia
Omma avus Ponomarenko, 1969, Lower Jurassic (Hettangian), Dzhil Formation, Issyk-Kul’, Kyrgyzstan
(?)Omma elongatum Brodie 1845 Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Purbeck Group Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian), Weald Clay, United Kingdom
(?)Omma gobiense Ponomarenko, 1997, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Ulan-Ereg Formation, Khoutiin-Khotgor, Mongolia
Omma liassicum Crowson, 1962, Late Triassic (Rhaetian), Lilstock Formation, Brown's wood, Warwickshire, Lower Jurassic (Hettangian), Blue Lias, Binton, Warwickshire, Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian), Charmouth Mudstone, Charmouth, England
Omma sibiricum Ponomarenko, 1966, Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian), Zaza Formation, Baissa, West Transbaikalia Russia

References

Li, Yan-Da; Huang, Di-Ying; Cai, Chen-Yang (2021-11-30). "New species of Omma Newman from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera, Archostemata, Ommatidae)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 68(2): 341–348. doi:10.3897/dez.68.74174. ISSN 1860-1324.
Escalona, Hermes E.; Lawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam (2020-01-24). "The extant species of the genus Omma Newman and description of Beutelius gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae: Ommatinae)". Zootaxa. 4728 (4): 547–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.11. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32229891.
Ommatidae Species List Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 11 May 2012.
Tan, Jingjing; Wang, Yongjie; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xingke (2012). "New fossil species of ommatids (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Mesozoic of China illuminating the phylogeny of Ommatidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 113. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-113. PMC 3518168. PMID 22776212.
Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020-02-17). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. Bibcode:2020Geosc..10...73K. doi:10.3390/geosciences10020073. ISSN 2076-3263.
Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Zheng, Daran; Zhao, Xianye (2021-11-12). "Is the beetle Omma (Insecta: Coleoptera) a living fossil?". Geological Society, London, Special Publications: SP521–2021–56. doi:10.1144/SP521-2021-56. ISSN 0305-8719.