Lauxaniidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Antliophora
Ordo: Diptera
Subordo: Brachycera
Infraordo: Muscomorpha
Sectio: Schizophora
Subsectio: Acalyptrata
Superfamilia: Lauxanioidea

Familia: Lauxaniidae
Subfamiliae: Eurychoromyiinae - Homoneurinae - Lauxaniinae
Overview of genera (167)

Afrominettia – Agriphoneura – Allogriphoneura – Allominettia – Amblada – Aprochaetops – Arnomyia – Asilostoma – Aulogastromyia – Australinina – Bacilloflagellomera – Baliopteridion – Blepharolauxania – Caeniamima – Cainohomoneura – Calliopum – Camptoprosopella – Celyphohomoneura – Celypholauxania – Cephalella – Cephaloconus – Cerataulina (Lauxaniidae) – Ceratolauxania – Cestrotus – Chaetocoelia – Chaetolauxania – Chilocryptus – Choryeuromyia – Cnemacantha – Deceia – Depressa – Deutominettia – Dioides – Diplochasma – Drepanephora – Dryomyzothea – Dryosapromyza – Dyticomyia – Eriurgus – Eucyclosis – Euprosopomyia – Eurychoromyia – Euryhendelimyia – Eurystratiomyia – Eusapromyza – Evertomyia – Exalla – Freyia – Gauzania – Gibbolauxania – Griphominettia – Griphoneura – Hendelimyza – Himantopyga – Hirtodeceia – Holopticander – Homoneura – Hypagoga – Incurviseta – Isoclusia – Itomyia – Katalauxania – Kertesziella – Kerteszomyia – Kimiella – Lauxania – Lauxanostegana – Longifrons – Luzonomyza – Lyciella – Lyciovibrissina – Lyperomyia – Mallochomyza – Maquilingia – Marmarodeceia – Meiosimyza – Melanina – Melanomyza – Melanopachycerina – Melinomyia – Mettinia – Minettia – Minilauxania – Mycterella – Neodeceia – Neogeomyza – Neogriphoneura – Neominettia – Neopachycerina – Neoparoecus – Neotrigonometopus – Neoxangelina – Nimettia – Noeetomima – Noonamyia – Ocellominettia – Oncodometopus – Pachycerina – Pachycerinae – Pachyopella – Panurgopsis – Paracestrotus – Paralauxania – Paranomina – Parapachycerina – Paraphysoclypeus – Peplominettia – Peplomyza – Phobeticomyia – Physegeniopsis – Physegenua – Physoclypeus – Platygraphium – Pleurigona – Poecilohetaerella – Poecilohetaerus – Poecilolycia – Poecilominettia – Poichilus – Procestrotus – Prochaetopsis – Procrita – Prorhaphochaeta – Prosamyza – Prosopomyia – Prosopophorella – Proteaphila – Protrigonometopus – Pseudocalliope – Pseudogriphoneura – Pseudominettia – Rhabdolauxania – Rhagadolyra – Ritaemyia – Roryeuchomyia – Salebrifacies – Sapromyza – Sciasminettia – Sciasmomyia – Sciosapromyza – Scutolauxania – Setulina – Siphonophysa – Spathecerus – Steganolauxania – Steganopsis – Stenolauxania – Tanyura – Tauridion – Teratocranum – Teratolauxania – Tetroxyrhina – Tibiominettia – Tricholauxania – Triconopsis – Trigonometopsis – Trigonometopus – Trisapromyza – Trivialia – Trypaneoides – Trypetisoma – Wawu – Xangelina – Xeniconeura – Xenochaetina – Xenopterella – Zanjensiella
Name

Lauxaniidae Macquart, 1835
Synonyms

Eurychoromyiidae [subfamilia]

Vernacular names
中文: 缟蝇科
References

Macquart, P.-J.-M. 1835. Historie naturelle des Insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxième, Diptera 2. 703 pp., 12 pls. Collection des suites à Buffon. Paris. BHL Reference page.
Gaimari, S.D.; Silva, V.C. 2010: Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa, 2342: 1–64. Preview PDF
Gao, C.X. & D. Yang, 2003: A revision of the genus Homoneura from Tibet, China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 50 (2): 243–248. DOI: 10.1002/mmnd.20030500208.
Kim, S.P. 1994. Australian lauxaniid flies: revision of the Australian species of Homoneura van der Wulp, Trypetisoma Malloch, and allied genera (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Monographs on invertebrate taxonomy, 1. CSIRO: East Melbourne. 445 pp. DOI: 10.1071/9780643105164 Paywall. ISBN 0-643-05530-4 (paper). Google books. Reference page.
Li, W-L., Chen, X-L., Feng, K-L., Zhao, S-J. & Yang, D. 2021. Four new species of the genus Luzonomyza Malloch (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) from China. ZooKeys 1074ː 43–59. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1074.68392 Open access Reference page.
Mello, R.L. de & V.C. Silva, 2008: A taxonomic review of Neogriphoneura Malloch, 1924 (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), with description of three new species. Zootaxa 1806: 35–46. Full article: [1].
Merz, B., 2009: Two new species of the Sapromyza obsoleta Fallén species-group (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 116 (2): 203–222. Abstract: [2].
Papp, L. & V.C. Silva 1995: Seven new genera of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 41(3): 185–208.
Sasawaka, M., 1990: Lauxaniidae (Diptera) of Malaysia (Part 1). Esakia 1: 123–136. Full article: [3].
Sasakawa, M., 1992: Lauxaniidae (Diptera) of Malaysia (Part 2): a revision of Homoneura van der Wulp. Insecta Matsumurana NS 46: 133–210. Full article: [4].
Sasawaka, M., 1995: Lauxaniidae (Diptera) of Malaysia (Part 3). Insecta Matsumurana NS 52: 149–153. Full article: [5].
Sasawaka, M., 1997: Lauxaniidae and Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the Ryukyus. Esakia 37: 141–148. Full article: [6].
Sasakawa, M., 1998: Oriental Lauxaniidae (Diptera) (Part 1): Fauna of the Lauxaniidae of Malayan and Ryukyu. Scientific Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University, Human Environment and Agriculture 50: 49–74.
Sasakawa, M., 2001: Oriental Lauxaniidae (Diptera) (Part 2): Fauna of the Lauxaniidae of Vienam. Scientific Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University, Human Environment and Agriculture 53: 39–94.
Semelbauer, M.; Kozánek, M. 2014: The immatures of lauxaniid flies (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) and their taxonomical implications. Zootaxa 3780(3): 401–454. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.1 Reference page.
Shewell, G.E., 1986: New American genera of Lauxaniidae, based on species of earlier authors, and a note on Lyciella rorida (Fallén) in North America (Diptera). The Canadian Entomologist 118 (6): 537–547. DOI: 10.4039/Ent118537-6.
Shi, L., Gaimari, S.D. & Yang, D. 2017. Five new species of the genus Tetroxyrhina Hendel from China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 4247(3): 246–280. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.3.2. Reference page.
Shi, L. & D. Yang, 2008: Species of the subgenus Neohomoneura van der Wulp from Hainan in China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 1793: 28–46. Abstract: [7].
Shi, L. & D. Yang, 2008: Two new species of the genus Noonamyia from Hainan in China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 2014: 34–40. Abstract: [8].
Shi, L. & D. Yang, 2009: Two new species of the genus Noonamyia from Hainan in China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 2017: 34–40. [9].
Shi, L. & D. Yang, 2009: Notes on the Homoneura (Homoneura) beckeri group from the Oriental Region, with descriptions of ten new species from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 2325: 1–28. Abstract: [10].
Shi, L. & D. Yang, 2009: Species of the genus Prosopophorella from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), Annales Zoologici 59 (2): 159–164. Abstract: [11].
Shi, L. & Yang, D. 2015: Two new species of the genus Luzonomyza from CHINA (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 3964(1): 87–94. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.5. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Shi, L. ; W.L. Li & D. Yang, 2009: Two new species of the genus Phobeticomyia from China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 2090: 57–68. Abstract: [12].
Shi, L. ; J.C. Wang & D. Yang, 2011: Nine new species from China of the subgenera Chaetohomoneura and Neohomoneura in the genus Homoneura (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 2975: 1–28. Abstract: [13].
Shi, L. ; D. Yang & S.D. Gaimari, 2009: Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 1900: 41–68. Abstract: [14].
Silva, V.C., 2006: Systematic review of Neotropical genera of Lauxaniidae: 3. The genus Paracestrotus Hendel, 1925 (Diptera: Schizophora). Zootaxa 1249: 61–68. Abstract: [15].

Authored taxa

Silva, V.C. 2016. FAMILY LAUXANIIDAE. In Wolff, M.I., Nihei, S.S. & Carvalho, C.J.B. de (eds.), Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa 4122(1): 622–634. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.51. Reference page.

The Lauxaniidae are a family of acalyptrate flies. They generally are small flies (length 7 mm or less) with large compound eyes that often are brightly coloured in life, sometimes with characteristic horizontal stripes, such as in Cestrotus species. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies, except for genera such as Cestrotus, whose camouflage mimics lichens or the texture of granitic rocks.

Some 1800 species of Lauxaniidae have been described and they comprise some 126 genera. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most of the species occurring in tropical regions of Asia and the Americas; relatively few species occur in Afrotropical regions, and Lauxaniid species diversity declines strongly towards the more temperate regions; for example fewer than 200 European species have been described. Most species inhabit forests, where the adults usually are found sitting on leaves of the understory. They are far less common in open country, such as grassland habitats.[2]
Morphological details of Lauxaniidae

Description

For terms, see Morphology of Diptera
Lauxaniidae are small flies (2–7 mm in length). They are often rather plump, dull, or partly lustrous flies. The body colour varies from yellow to brown or black, or with a combination of these colours. The head is variable in shape, the face projecting or retreating, convex, flat or concave, usually without oral vibrissae (sometimes poorly developed, occasionally strong bristles near the vibrissal angle). The postvertical bristles converge (in rare cases parallel). The frons is wide, with two pairs of frontal bristles, the upper pair of which is always reclinate, the lower pair sometimes decussate. Interfrontal bristles are absent. The ocellar bristles are present or minute. The antennae are variable and the arista is plumose, pubescent to bare. The thorax has bristles, at least behind the suture. The scutellum is usually bare except for the marginal bristles. Propleural bristles are present or absent and one or two sternopleural bristles are seen. Tibiae all have a preapical bristle. The wings are marked or unmarked (in a number of species with spots along the veins). The wing venation is complete and the costa is continuous. The subcosta is entire and ends in the costa. The second basal and anal cells are short and the apical cell usually widely open. The abdomen is oval, rarely elongated.
Biology

The larvae are mostly saprophagous, feeding in leaf litter, soil, bird nests, etc. Larvae of some mine fallen leaves, others live in rotten wood, and some cause deformation of the flowers and pistils of violets.
Genera

Afrominettia Stuckenberg, 1971[3]
Agriphoneura Hendel, 1925[4][5]
Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1926[5]
Allominettia Hendel, 1925[4][5]
Amblada Walker 1860[6]
Arnomyia Malloch, 1925[7]
Asilostoma Hendel, 1925[4][5]
Aulogastromyia Hendel, 1925[5]
Baliopteridion Papp & Silva, 1995[8]
Calliopum Strand, 1928[9]
Camptoprosopella Hendel, 1907[10]
Cestrotus Loew, 1862[11]
Choryeuromyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
Cnemacantha Macquart, 1835
Deceia Malloch, 1923[12]
Deutominettia Hendel, 1925[5]
Elipolambda Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Eurychoromyia Hendel, 1910[1]
Euryhendelimyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
Eurystratiomyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
Eusapromyza Malloch, 1923[12]
Exalla Gaimari, 2011[14]
Gauzania Walker, 1856
Gibbolauxania Papp & Silva, 1995[8]
Griphoneura Schiner, 1868
Griphoneuromima Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Hirtodeceia Shewell, 1986[15]
Homoneura Wulp, 1891
Lauxania Latreille, 1804
Luzonomyza Malloch, 1925
Mallochomyza Hendel, 1925[5]
Marmarodeceia Shewell, 1986[15]
Meiosimyza Hendel, 1925[5]
Melanomyza Malloch, 1923[12]
Meraina Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830[16]
Minilauxania Papp & Silva, 1995[8]
Mycterella Kertész, 1912
Myzaprosa Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Neodeceia Malloch, 1924
Neogeomyza Séguy, 1938[17]
Neogriphoneura Malloch, 1924
Neoparoecus Özdikmen & Merz, 2006[18]
Oncodometopus Shewell, 1986[15]
Pachycerina Macquart, 1835
Pachyopella Shewell, 1986[15]
Paradeceia Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Paranomina Hendel, 1907[10]
Parapachycerina Stuckenberg, 1971[17][19]
Peplominettia Szilády, 1943
Peplomyza Haliday, 1837
Physegeniopsis Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
Physegenua Macquart, 1848
Physoclypeus Hendel, 1907[10]
Poecilolycia Shewell, 1986[15]
Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932
Prosopomyia Loew, 1856
Pseudocalliope Malloch, 1928
Pseudodeceia Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Pseudominettia Papp & Silva, 1995[8]
Roryeuchomyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
Sapromyza Fallén, 1810
Sapromyzosoma Lioy, 1864
Sciasminettia Shewell, 1986[15][20]
Sericominettia Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Steganolauxania Frey, 1918
Stenolauxania Malloch, 1926 [21]
Tauridion Papp & Silva, 1995[8]
Tricholauxania Hendel, 1925[5]
Trigonometopus Macquart, 1835
Trisapromyza Shewell, 1986[15]
Trivialia Malloch, 1923[12]
Trypetisoma Malloch, 1924
Wawu Evenhuis 1989[22]
Xangelina Walker 1856[23]
Xeniconeura Shewell, 1986[15]
Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923[12]
Xenopterella Malloch, 1926[21]
Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]
Zargopsinettia Gaimari & Silva, 2020[13]

References

Gaimari, Stephen D. &; Silva, Vera C. (2010). "Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. Auckland: Magnolia Press. 2342: 1–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2342.1.1. hdl:11449/2764. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 3976247. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
Merz, Bernhard (2004). "Revision of the Minettia fasciata species-group (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). Revue Suisse de Zoologie. Geneva: Muséum d'histoire naturelle. 111 (1): 183–211. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.80234.
Stuckenberg, B. R. (1971). "A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Annals of the Natal Museum. 20 (3): 499–610.
Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio; Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente (2010). "76". In Brown, B.V.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M.; Woodley, N.E.; Zumbado, M. (eds.). Manual of Central American Diptera (Print). Vol. 2. Ottawa, Canada: NRC Research Press. pp. 1025–1030. ISBN 978-0-660-19958-0.
Hendel, F. (1925). Neue Ubersicht uber die bisher bekannt gewordenen Gattungen der Lauxaniiden, nebst Beschreibung neuer Gattungen u. Arten. Arten. Encycl. Ent. (B II) Diptera. pp. 103–112.
Walker, Francis (1860). "Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. London: The Linnean Society. 4 (14): 90–96. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1859.tb00089.x.
Malloch, John Russell (1929). "Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera).—XXVI". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4 (10): 97–120. doi:10.1080/00222932908673032.
Papp, L.; Silva, Vera.C. (1995). "Seven new genera of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 41 (3): 185–208.
Шаталкин, Анатолий Иванович (2000). Определитель палеарктических мух семейства Lauxaniidae (Diptera) [Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera)] (Print) (in Russian). Vol. 5. Moscow: Zoologicheskie Issledovania. p. 102.
Hendel, Friedrich (1907). "Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien. (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden.)". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 26: 223–245, 1 pl. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.8886. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
SHI LI (China), DING YANG (China) & STEPHEN D. GAIMARI (USA). Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) Zootaxa 2009: 41-68 (11 Feb. 2009) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition
Malloch, John Russell (1923). "Some new genera and species of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae (Diptera)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 25: 45–53. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Gamiari, S.D.; Silva, V.C. (2020). "A conspectus of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea)". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 4862 (1): zootaxa.4862.1.1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4862.1.1. PMID 33311202. S2CID 226326318. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Gaimari, S.D. (2011). "An unusual new genus of eurychoromyiine Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". The Canadian Entomologist. 143 (6): 594–611. doi:10.4039/n11-039. S2CID 84395018.
Shewell, G.E. (1986). "New American genera of Lauxaniidae, based on species of earlier authors, and a note on Lyciella rorida (Fallen) in North America (Diptera)". The Canadian Entomologist. 118 (6): 537–547. doi:10.4039/Ent118537-6.
Robineau-Desvoidy, André Jean Baptiste (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires presentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées: Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique. 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
Davies, Gregory B. P.; Miller, Raymond M. (2008). "Revision of the Afrotropical species of Parapachycerina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)". African Invertebrates. Pietermaritzburg: Council of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum. 49 (2): 131–158. doi:10.5733/afin.049.0208.
Özdikmen, H.; Merz, B. (2006). "Neoparoecus nom. nov., a replacement name for the preoccupied genus name Paroecus Becker, 1895 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae". Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft (Print). Société Entomologique Suisse. 79 (1–2): 63–64.
Stuckenberg, B.R. (1971). "A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Annals of the Natal Museum (Print). Natal: the Natal Museum. 20 (3): 499–610.
Carles-Tolrá, M. (2006). "Sciasminettia Shewell, 1971: a new lauxaniid genus for Europe, with description of a new species and a key to known species (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)". Heteropterus Revista de Entomología. Gipuzkoa: Heteropterus. 6: 9–14. ISSN 1579-0681. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-12.
Malloch, John Russell (1926). "New genera and species of Acalyptrate flies in the United States National Museum" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 68 (21, #2622): 35 pp., 2 pls. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
Evenhuis, Neal L.; Okadome, T. (1989). "Family Lauxaniidae" (PDF). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Hawai'i': The Bishop Museum Press: 576–589. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Walker, Francis (1856). "Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected in Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. London: The Linnean Society. 1: 4–39. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00943b.x.

Walker, Francis (1856). "Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 1 (3): 119. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00964.x.