Euploea

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Danainae
Tribus: Danaini
Subtribus: Euploeina
Genus: Euploea
Species: (60) E. albicosta – E. alcathoe – E. algea – E. asyllus – E. batesii – E. blossomae – E. boisduvali – E. caespes – E. camaralzeman – E. climena – E. configurata – E. cordelia – E. core – E. crameri – E. darchia – E. dentiplaga – E. desjardinsii – E. doretta – E. doubledayi – E. eboraci – E. eleusina – E. eunice – E. eupator – E. euphon – E. eurianassa – E. eyndhovii – E. gamelia – E. goudotii – E. hewitsonii – E. huebneri – E. klugii – E. lacon – E. latefasciata – E. leucostictos – E. lewinii – E. magou – E. martinii – E. midamus – E. mitra – E. modesta – E. morosa – E. mulciber – E. nechos – E. netscheri – E. orontobates – E. phaenareta – E. radamanthus – E. redtenbacheri – E. rogeri – E. stephensii – E. swainson – E. sylvester – E. tobleri – E. transfixa – E. treitschkei – E. tripunctata – E. tulliolus – E. usipetes – E. wallacei – E. westwoodii
Name

Euploea Fabricius, 1807

Type Species: Papilio corus Fabricius, 1793 = Euploea phaenareta corus; Sri Lanka.
Synonymy

Trepsichrois Hübner, 1816: 16. TS: Papilio claudia Fabricius, 1777: 263 (Invalid: Papilio claudia Cramer, [1775]).
Crastia Hübner, 1816: 16. TS: Papilio core Cramer, [1780], by selection of Scudder, 1875: 148.
Salpinx Hübner, [1819]: 17. TS: Limnas memertes Hübner, [1807], by monotypy.
Eudaemon Billberg, 1820: 76. TS: Papilio claudia Fabricius, 1777, by selection of Hemming, 1934: 26.
Terpsichrois Hübner, 1821: [5]. (lapsus Trepsichrois)
Euplaea Boisduval, [1832]: 93. (lapsus Euploea)
Calliploea Butler, 1875: 1. TS: Danais darchia MacLeay, [1826], by original designation.
Macroploea Butler, [1878]: 291. TS: Papilio phaenareta Schaller, 1785: 177, pl. 5, figs 1,2, by selection of Kirby, [1880]: 174.
Stictoploea Butler, [1878]: 291, 301. TS: Euploea gloriosa Butler, 1866: 293, pl. 29, fig. 4, by original designation.
Euplea W.F.Kirby, [1879]: 128. (lapsus Euploea)
Isamia (Euploeinae) Moore, [1880]: 10. TS: Papilio superbus Herbst.
Narmada (Euploeinae) Moore, [1880]: 13. TS: Euploea coreoides Moore.
Nipara Moore, 1883: 257. TS: Euploea helcita Boisduval.
Vonona Moore, 1883: 257. TS: Euplaea [sic] goudotii Boisduval.
Oranasma Moore, 1883: 258. TS: Euploea lugens Butler.
Patosa Moore, 1883: 259. TS: Crastia funerea Butler.
Sarobia Moore, 1883: 260. TS: Euploea grayi C. & R. Felder.
Vadebra Moore, 1883: 260. TS: Papilio climena Stoll.
Lontara Moore, 1883: 261. TS: Euploea wallacei C. & R. Felder.
Gamatoba Moore, 1883: 262. TS: Euploea aethiops Butler.
Menama Moore, 1883: 264. TS: Euploea camaralzeman Butler.
Tronga Moore, 1883: 266. TS: Euploea crameri Lucas.
Sabanosa Moore, 1883: 269. TS: Euploea cratis Butler.
Adigama Moore, 1883: 269. TS: Euploea ochsenheimeri Moore.
Chanapa Moore, 1883: 270. TS: Danais corinna MacLeay.
Andasena Moore, 1883: 270. TS: Danais swainson Godart.
Deragena Moore, 1883: 272. TS: Euploea proserpina Butler.
Bibisana Moore, 1883: 273. TS: Euploea horsfieldii C. & R. Felder.
Betanga Moore, 1883: 273. TS: Euploea megaera Butler.
Penoa Moore, 1883: 274. TS: Danais alcathoe Godart.
Mahintha Moore, 1883: 280. TS: Euploea subdita Moore.
Karadira Moore, 1883: 281. TS: Euploea andamanensis Atkinson.
Pramasa Moore, 1883: 281. TS: Euploea mitra Moore.
Tagata Moore, 1883: 281. TS: Euploea abjecta Butler.
Pramesta Moore, 1883: 282. TS: Euploea tobleri Semper.
Rasuma Moore, 1883: 282. TS: Calliploea violetta Butler.
Chirosa Moore, 1883: 284. TS: Euploea brenchleyi Butler.
Mestapra Moore, 1883: 285. TS: Euploea fraudulenta Butler.
Glinama Moore, 1883: 288. TS: Euploea euctemon Hewitson.
Danisepa Moore, 1883: 296. TS: Papilio radamanthus Fabricius.
Tabada Moore, 1883: 297. TS: Euploea hyacinthus Butler.
Satanga Moore, 1883: 297. TS: Euploea eupator Hewitson.
Saphara Moore, 1883: 297. TS: Euplaea [sic] treitschkei Boisduval.
Selinda Moore, 1883: 298. TS: Euploea mniszechii C. & R. Felder.
Hirdapa Moore, 1883: 299. TS: Euploea usipetes Hewitson.
Pademma Moore, 1883: 305. TS: Euploea klugii Moore.
Nacamsa Moore, 1883: 310. TS: Nacamsa simillima Moore.
Tiruna Moore, 1883: 316. TS: Tiruna roepstorffi Moore.
Anadara Moore, 1883: 317. (preocc. Anadara Gray, 1847), TS: Salpinx gamelia Hübner.
Doricha Moore, 1883: 317. (preocc. Doricha Reichenbach, 1853), TS: Papilio sylvester Fabricius.* Karadina Moore, 1891 (lapsus)
Daniseppa Fruhstorfer, 1910: 261. (lapsus Danisepa)
Pamasa Fruhstorfer, 1910: 235. (lapsus Pramasa)
Rausuma Fruhstorfer, 1910: 235. (lapsus Rasuma)
Ironga Martin, 1914: 100. (lapsus Tronga)
Makroploea Martin, 1915. (lapsus Macroploea)
Eupolea Hulstaert, 1931: 97. (lapsus Euploea)
Ramasa Hulstaert, 1931: 137. (lapsus Pramasa)

References

Abang, F. ; C.G. Treadaway & H.G. Schroeder, 2004: A contribution to the butterfly fauna of the Island of Balambangan (Malaysia, Sabah) (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Futao 47: 6–13.
Goode, M., 2014: Notes on a new subspecies of Euploea phaenareta (Schaller, 1785) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Papua, Indonesia. Suara Serangga Papua 8 (4): 93–105. Reference page.
Hemming, A. F., 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1-509.Reference page.
Hulstaert, R. P. G., 1931. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Danaidae, Subfam. Danaidinae and Tellervinae. Genera Insectorum 193, [ii] + 1-213. Reference page.
Kirby, W. F., 1879. Catalogue of the Collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera Forms by William Chapman Hewitson. John Van Voorst, London. BHL. Reference page.
Lambkin, T.A. 2013: A revision of the Euploea batesii C. & R. Felder, 1865 'complex' (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) in mainland Papua New Guinea and Australia, including its biology and biogeography. Australian entomologist 40(4): 187–218. [Not seen] Reference page.
Monastyrskii, A.L., 2012: New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (4) (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Atalanta 43 (1/2): 156–164.
Moore, F., 1883. A Monograph of Linnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae, with Descriptions of new Genera and Species. Parts 1 Linnaina: 201–252 & 2 Euploeina: 253–324, pls 29-32. BHL1, BHL2 plates. Reference page.
Müller, A., 2009: Eine neue unterarg von Euploea eupator Hewitson vom Togian Archipel (Lepidoptera: Danaidae). Galathea 25 (2): 53–54.
Nuyda, J. & Kawamura, S. 1989: New subspecies of Philippine butterflies. Futao 2: 16–18. Reference page.
Saito, K. & Y. Inayoshi, 2006: A new species of Euploea Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Vietnam. Bulletin (Teinopalpus) 44: 7–13.
Schröder, H., 1977: Zur Lepidopterenfauna der Inseln Sibuyan und Marinduque, Philippinen. Entomologische Zeitschrift 87 (20): 221–230.
Schröder, H. & Treadaway, C.G., 1978: Neue Lepidoptera von den Philippinen, 3. Entomologische Zeitschrift 88 (14): 149–161.
Schröder, H.G. & Treadaway, C. G. 1981. Neue Lepidoptera von den Philippinen, 8. Entomologische Zeitschrift 91(5): 41–45. Reference page.
Schröder, H. & Treadaway, C.G., 1983: Zwei neue Euploea-Formen von der Insel Panay, Philippinen (Lep.: Danaidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 93 (24): 353–356.
Treadaway, C.G. 2013. Some notes concerning Euploea of the Philippines, with two replacement names (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo NF 34(1-2): 15–16. full article (PDF). Reference page.
Vane-Wright, R.I. & de Jong, R. 2003. The butterflies of Sulawesi: annotated checklist for a critical island fauna. Zoologische Verhandelingen 343: 3–267, figs 1–14, pls 1–16. PDF. Reference page.
Vane-Wright, 2019. The Identity of Euploea tulliolus goodenoughi Carpenter, 1942, a Crow Butterfly from Papua New Guinea. Treubia Vol.46: 21-34. e-journal. Reference page.


Vernacular names
English: Crows

Euploea is a genus of milkweed butterflies. The species are generally dark in coloration, often quite blackish, for which reason they are commonly called crows. As usual for their subfamily, they are poisonous due to feeding on milkweeds and other toxic plants as caterpillars. The latter are aposematically colored to warn off predators from eating them, and the adult butterflies are often mimicked by unrelated species which are not or less poisonous.

Species

Listed alphabetically.[3][as of?]

Euploea albicosta – Biak dark crow
Euploea alcathoe – no-brand crow, striped black crow
Euploea alcathoe enastri – Gove crow
Euploea algea – long-branded blue crow, mournful crow, Algea crow
Euploea andamanensis – Andaman crow
Euploea asyllus
Euploea batesii
Euploea blossomae – Schaus's crow
Euploea boisduvali
Euploea caespes – Murphy's crow
Euploea camaralzeman – Malayan crow
Euploea climena
Euploea configurata – Sulawesi striped blue crow
Euploea cordelia – Cordelia crow
Euploea core – common crow
Euploea crameri – spotted black crow
Euploea darchia – small brown crow
Euploea dentiplaga – Seram crow
Euploea desjardinsii
Euploea doretta – Pagenstecher's crow
Euploea doubledayi – striped black crow
Euploea eboraci – Bismark crow
Euploea eleusina – Vollenhov's crow
Euploea eunice – blue-banded king crow
Euploea eupator – Vanoort's crow
Euploea euphon – Mascarene crow
Euploea eurianassa
Euploea eyndhovii
Euploea gamelia – Javan crow
Euploea goudotii
Euploea hewitsonii – Hewitson's dwarf crow
Euploea klugii – blue king crow
Euploea lacon – Spartan crow
Euploea latifasciata – Weymer's crow, broad-banded crow
Euploea leucostictos – orange-flash crow
Euploea lewinii
Euploea magou – magou crow
Euploea martinii – Sumatran crow
Euploea midamus – blue spotted crow
Euploea mitra – Seychelles crow
Euploea modesta
Euploea morosa
Euploea mulciber – striped blue crow
Euploea nechos
Euploea netscheri
Euploea orontobates

Euploea phaenareta hollandi

Euploea phaenareta – great crow,[4] large crow
Euploea phaenareta juvia – Taiwan or juvia large crow, extinct (1960s)
Euploea radamanthus – magpie crow
Euploea redtenbacheri – Malayan crow, Redtenbacher's crow
?Euploea rogeri
Euploea stephensii
Euploea swainson – Swainson's crow
Euploea sylvester – double-branded crow
Euploea tobleri – Tobler's crow
Euploea transfixa
Euploea treitschkei
Euploea tripunctata – Biak threespot crow
Euploea tulliolus – eastern brown crow, dwarf crow
Euploea usipetes
Euploea wallacei
Euploea westwoodii – Westwood's king crow

Nomenclature

This genus has a large number of junior synonyms, due in part to Moore[5] committing what probably ranks as one of the most drastic cases of oversplitting in the history of zoology:

Crastia Hübner, 1816
Trepsichrois Hübner, 1816
Salpinx Hübner, 1819
Eudaemon Billberg, 1820
Terpsichrois Hübner, 1821 (lapsus)
Euplaea Boisduval, 1832 (lapsus)
Calliploea Butler, 1875
Macroploea Butler, 1878
Stictoploea Butler, 1878
Euplea W.F. Kirby, 1879 (lapsus)
Adigama Moore, 1880
Andasena Moore, 1883
Betanga Moore, 1883
Bibisana Moore, 1883
Chanapa Moore, 1883
Chirosa Moore, 1883
Danisepa Moore, 1883
Deragena Moore, 1883
Gamatoba Moore, 1883
Glinama Moore, 1883
Hirdapa Moore, 1883
Isamia Moore, 1883
Karadira Moore, 1883
Lontara Moore, 1883
Mahintha Moore, 1883
Menama Moore, 1883
Mestapra Moore, 1883
Nacamsa Moore, 1883
Narmada Moore, 1880
Nipara Moore, 1883
Oranasma Moore, 1883
Pademma Moore, 1883
Patosa Moore, 1883
Penoa Moore, 1883
Pramasa Moore, 1883
Pramesta Moore, 1883
Rasuma Moore, 1883
Sabanosa Moore, 1883
Saphara Moore, 1883
Sarobia Moore, 1883
Satanga Moore, 1883
Selinda Moore, 1883
Tabada Moore, 1883
Tagata Moore, 1883
Tiruna Moore, 1883
Tronga Moore, 1883
Vadebra Moore, 1883
Vonona Moore, 1883
Anadara Moore, 1883 (non Gray, 1847: preoccupied)
Doricha Moore, 1883 (non Reichenbach, 1853: preoccupied)
Karadina Moore, 1891 (lapsus)
Chirosia Sharp, 1904 (lapsus)
Daniseppa Fruhstorfer, 1910 (lapsus)
Pamasa Fruhstorfer, 1910 (lapsus)
Rausuma Fruhstorfer, 1910 (lapsus)
Ironga Martin, 1914 (lapsus)
Makroploea Martin, 1915 (lapsus)
Eupolea Hulstaert, 1931 (lapsus)
Ramasa Hulstaert, 1931 (lapsus)
References

Euploea at Butterflies and Moths of the World, Natural History Museum
Hemming, Francis (1945). "Opinion 163. Suspension of the Rules for Euploea Fabricius, 1807 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera)". Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2 (33): 338–343.
"Euploea Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Kirton, Laurence G. (2014). A Naturalist's Guide to the Butterflies of Peninsular Malayasia, Singapore and Thailand. Oxford:John Beaufoy Publ., p.55.
Frederic Moore (1883). "A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae; with Descriptions of new Genera and Species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1883 (3): 253–324.