Danaus melanippus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Danainae
Tribus: Danaini
Subtribus: Danaina
Genus: Danaus
Species: Danaus melanippus
Subspecies: D. m. melanippus – D. m. variabilis
Name

Danaus melanippus (Cramer, 1777)
Synonyms

Papilio melanippus Cramer, 1777

References

Hanafusa, H. 1990: A list of butterflies from Tuangku Is., Kep.Banyak, Indonesia (1). Futao 6: 1–7.Reference page.

Danaus melanippus, the black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

It ranges from Assam in eastern India through South-East Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan.[1][2] It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.[2]

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically:[3]

D. m. celebensis (Staudinger, 1889) – northern Sulawesi
D. m. edmondii (Bougainville, 1837) – Philippines
D. m. edwardi (van Eecke, 1914) – Simeulue
D. m. eurydice (Butler, 1884) – Nias
D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891 – Sumbawa - Alor
D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung
D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – eastern India - Thailand, Indo-China
D. m. keteus (Hagen, 1898) – Mentawai
D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929 – Taiwan
D. m. lotina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – Natuna Island
D. m. lotis (Cramer, [1779])
D. m. melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Java
D. m. meridionigra Martin, [1914] – central Sulawesi
D. m. nesippus (Felder, 1862) – Nicobars
D. m. pietersi (Doherty, 1891) – Enggano
D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Pualu Tello

See also

List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References

Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
Smith, David A. S.; Lushai, Gugs & Allen, John A. (2005). A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 144(2): 191–212. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00169.x (HTML abstract)

"Danaus Kluk, 1780" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.