Cicindela

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Adephaga

Familia: Carabidae
Subfamilia: Cicindelinae
Tribus: Cicindelini
Subtribus: Cicindelina
Genus: Cicindela
Subgenera: C. (Ancylia) – C. (Austrocicindela) – C. (Callytron) – C. (Calochroa) – C. (Cephalota) – C. (Cicindela) – C. (Cicindelidia) – C. (Cosmodela) – C. (Dromochorus) – C. (Ellipsoptera) – C. (Elliptica) – C. (Eugrapha) – C. (Habrodera) – C. (Habroscelimorpha) – C. (Hipparidium) – C. (Hypaetha) – C. (Lophyridia) – C. (Pancallia) – C. (Ropaloteres) – C. (Spilodia) – C. (Taenidia) – C. (Incertae sedis)
Overview of species

C. abdominalis – C. aberrans – C. aeneicollis – C. africana – C. albissima – C. alboguttata – C. albosinuata – C. allardi – C. alluaudi – C. altaica – C. amargosae – C. ancocisconensis – C. andrewesi – C. angulata – C. angulicollis – C. ankarahitrae – C. anometallescens – C. antennalis – C. arenicola – C. arida – C. asiatica – C. asperula – C. assamensis – C. aterrima – C. aulica – C. aurofasciata – C. aurora – C. aurulenta – C. barmanica – C. basilewskyana – C. batechii – C. batesi – C. belfragei – C. bellissima – C. beneshi – C. bianconii – C. bicolor – C. blanda – C. bohemani – C. boops – C. bouyeri – C. bramani – C. brancuccii – C. brazzai – C. brevipilosa – C. cabigasi – C. californica – C. calligramma – C. campestris – C. cardini – C. cardoni – C. cariana – C. carissima – C. carolae – C. carthagena – C. caternaulti – C. caucasica – C. cazieri – C. celeripes – C. ceylonensis – C. chatthinensis – C. chinensis – C. chloris – C. chlorocephala – C. chrysippe – C. cicindeloides – C. cincta – C. circumpicta – C. clarina – C. clavator – C. clypeata – C. coerulea – C. colasiana – C. columbica – C. compressicornis – C. concolor – C. congoensis – C. conturbatum – C. convexoabrupticollis – C. coquerelii – C. corbetti – C. craverii – C. crespignyi – C. cristipennis – C. cubana – C. cuprascens – C. cursitans – C. cyanea – C. cyaniventris – C. debilis – C. decemguttata – C. decemnotata – C. denikei – C. denverensis – C. depressula – C. descarpentriesi – C. desertorum – C. desgodinsii – C. despectata – C. deyrollei – C. diania – C. didyma – C. diehli – C. discrepans – C. dispersesignata – C. distanti – C. divergentemaculata – C. diversa – C. diversilabris – C. dives – C. dorsalis – C. duodecimguttata – C. duplosetosa – C. duponti – C. dysenterica – C. elegantula – C. elisae – C. equestris – C. euthales – C. fabriciana – C. fatidica – C. favergeri – C. feisthamelii – C. fera – C. ferriei – C. fimbriata – C. fischeri – C. flavomaculata – C. flavosignata – C. flavovestita – C. fleutiauxi – C. flohri – C. floridana – C. foliicornis – C. fontanea – C. formosa – C. fowleri – C. fulgida – C. fulgoris – C. funerea – C. gabbii – C. gabonica – C. gallica – C. gemmata – C. gemmifera – C. georgiensis – C. gigantula – C. goryi – C. gracileguttata – C. grandidieri – C. grandis – C. granulata – C. gratiosa – C. guerrerensis – C. guttata – C. haefligeri – C. hamata – C. hamiltoniana – C. harmandi – C. hemorrhagica – C. herbacea – C. heros – C. hiekei – C. highlandensis – C. hirticollis – C. hirtilabris – C. holzschuhi – C. hornii – C. huttoni – C. hybrida – C. hydrophoba – C. iberica – C. ingridae – C. intermedia – C. interrupta – C. interruptoabbreviata – C. interruptofasciata – C. ioessa – C. isaloensis – C. ismenia – C. jakli – C. japana – C. japonica – C. javeti – C. junkeri – C. juno – C. kachowskyi – C. karlwerneri – C. kassaica – C. katsepyana – C. kenyana – C. kerandeli – C. kikondjae – C. klugii – C. kolbeana – C. kudrnai – C. lacrymans – C. lacrymosa – C. lacteola – C. lagunensis – C. lamburni – C. latesignata – C. laticornis – C. laurae – C. leguilloui – C. lemniscata – C. lengi – C. lepida – C. leptographa – C. leucopicta – C. lewisii – C. limbalis – C. limbata – C. lisaannae – C. littoralis – C. lizleriana – C. longestriata – C. longicornis – C. longilabris – C. lugens – C. lugubris – C. lunulata – C. lurida – C. lusitanica – C. luteolineata – C. macra – C. macrochila – C. macropus – C. majalis – C. mamasa – C. marginata – C. marginella – C. marginipennis – C. mariae – C. maritima – C. marmorata – C. maroccana – C. marshalli – C. marutha – C. mathani – C. mechowi – C. melissa – C. mimula – C. mindanaoensis – C. minettii – C. mireki – C. miseranda – C. monticola – C. moraveci – C. mouhoti – C. muata – C. mufumbweana – C. multifoveolata – C. mwinilungae – C. myinthlaingi – C. nagaii – C. nebraskana – C. nebuligera – C. neumanni – C. nevadica – C. nigrilabris – C. nigrior – C. nigritula – C. nigrocoerulea – C. nordmanni – C. nosei – C. notata – C. notopleuralis – C. nubifera – C. nysa – C. nzingae – C. oaxacensis – C. obliqueclavatum – C. obsoleta – C. ocellata – C. octogramma – C. octonotata – C. ohlone – C. olivacea – C. opigrapha – C. oregona – C. osa – C. pamphila – C. papillosa – C. parowana – C. patruela – C. pepetela – C. permaculata – C. perroti – C. petermayri – C. petitii – C. phosphora – C. pierronii – C. pilatei – C. pimeriana – C. plumigera – C. plutonica – C. politula – C. praetextata – C. princeps – C. prodotiformis – C. pseudoaurora – C. pseudoeuthales – C. pseudoradians – C. pseudorusticana – C. pseudosiamensis – C. pseudosoa – C. pseudosuturalis – C. pseudotereticollis – C. pseudoviridis – C. pudibunda – C. pudica – C. pugetana – C. pulchra – C. punctulata – C. puritana – C. purpurea – C. quadripunctulata – C. quedenfeldti – C. radians – C. rafflesia – C. regina – C. repanda – C. resplendens – C. restricta – C. rhodoterena – C. rivalieri – C. robillardi – C. roseiventris – C. rotundicollis – C. rufiventris – C. rufoaenea – C. rufomarginata – C. rugatilis – C. rugicollis – C. rusticana – C. sacchii – C. sachalinensis – C. safraneki – C. sahlbergii – C. salvazai – C. sanguineomaculata – C. satura – C. scabrosa – C. schauppii – C. schillhammeri – C. scutellaris – C. sedecimpunctata – C. segonzaci – C. semicircularis – C. semiconfluens – C. senilis – C. separata – C. serieguttata – C. setosomalaris – C. severa – C. sexguttata – C. sexpunctata – C. shinjii – C. shivah – C. shozoi – C. sjoestedti – C. smaragdina – C. smrzi – C. soalalae – C. soluta – C. sommeri – C. songorica – C. sperata – C. splendida – C. stephanae – C. striga – C. sturmii – C. suturalis – C. suturata – C. sylvatica – C. sylvicola – C. talychensis – C. tenuicincta – C. tenuisignata – C. tereticollis – C. terricola – C. thalestris – C. theatina – C. thugurica – C. togata – C. trailini – C. tranquebarica – C. transbaicalica – C. transversefasciata – C. trifasciata – C. trimaculata – C. tritoma – C. turkestanica – C. turkestanicoides – C. unipunctata – C. vasseletii – C. velata – C. velutinigrens – C. veracruzensis – C. virgula – C. viridicollis – C. viridiflavescens – C. viridipennis – C. viridisticta – C. vittata – C. vonhageni – C. vulcanicola – C. wachteli – C. walkeriana – C. wapleri – C. waynei – C. whithillii – C. wickhami – C. willistoni – C. xanthophila
Name

Cicindela Linnaeus, 1758

Original status: valid genus
Type species: Cicindela campestris Linnaeus, 1758
Fixation: Subsequent designation by Latreille 1810: 425 BHL
Originally included nominal species: (1) Cicindela campestris; (2) Cicindela hybrida; (3) Cicindela germanica; (4) Cicindela sylvatica; (5) Cicindela maura; (6) Cicindela riparia; (7) Cicindela aquatica.

Synonymy

Cicindela elegans Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 = Cephalota elegans (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823)
Cicindela elegans Fourcroy & Geoffroy, 1785 = Cicindela campestris Linnaeus, 1758

References

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 407. Reference page.
Latreille, P.A. 1810. Considérations générales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustacés, des arachnides, et des insectes : avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genres, disposés en familles. Paris: Schoell, 444 pp. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Duran, D.P. & Roman, S.J. 2014. A new species of tiger beetle from southeastern Arizona and Mexico (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelini). ZooKeys, 464: 35–47. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.464.8424 Open access. Reference page.
Franzen, M., 2007: A new species of tiger beetle of the Cicindela campestris group from southern Turkey, with remarks on the identity of C. herbacea Klug, 1832 and other taxa related to C. desertorum Dejean, 1825 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Spixiana 30 (1): 13–24. Full article: [1].

Links

Cicindela – Taxon details on Biological Library (BioLib).
Cicindela – Taxon details on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
ION
Nomenclator Zoologicus
Ground beetles of the genus Cicindela (Carabidae): atlas of beetles of Russia

Vernacular names
čeština: Svižník
English: Tiger beetles
español: Escarabajo tigre o cicindela
eesti: liivikas
français: Cicindèles
한국어: 길앞잡이
македонски: Песочник
Nederlands: zandloopkevers
русский: Скакун

Cicindela, commonly known as common tiger beetles[1] are generally brightly colored and metallic beetles, often with some sort of patterning of ivory or cream-colored markings. They are most abundant and diverse in habitats very often near bodies of water with sandy or occasionally clay soils; they can be found along rivers, sea and lake shores, sand dunes, around dry lakebeds, on clay banks, or woodland paths.

Etymology

The word "Cicindela" comes from the Latin word "cicindela", meaning "glowworm". This comes from the fact that members of the genus Cicindela are metallic and sometimes flashing.[1]
Systematics

The genus Cicindela is (in its broadest historical sense) the largest genus of tiger beetles, and they occur worldwide. The status of the genus is constantly in a state of flux, as various authorities on different continents have vastly different opinions about which (if any) of the dozens of subgenera traditionally recognized within the genus are deserving of being accorded status as independent genera. Moreover, this is one of the few insect taxa in which the rank of subspecies has traditionally been used repeatedly, and essentially no two classifications consistently treat the various members of the genus as to which are species and which are subspecies.

Treated as a single genus, and even with a fairly conservative estimate of species, there are over 850[2] (or even up to 2,300) species in the group[3] (thus being almost equal to the subtribe Cicindelina (W.Horn, 1908), with several thousand published names applied, collectively. Currently most of the subgenera below are not settled, being considered genera of their own by some, and subgenera of the genus Cicindela by others. The genus is divided into the following subgenera:

Cicindela (Ancylia)
Cicindela (Archidela)
Cicindela (Austrocicindela)
Cicindela (Brasiella)
Cicindela (Calochroa)
Cicindela (Cephalota)
Cicindela (Chaetodera)
Cicindela (Cicindela)
Cicindela (Cicindelidia)
Cicindela (Cosmodela)
Cicindela (Cylindera)
Cicindela (Duponti)
Cicindela (Euzona)
Cicindela (Fulgoris)
Cicindela (Habroscelimorpha)
Cicindela (Hypaetha)
Cicindela (Jansonia)
Cicindela (Lophyridia)
Cicindela (Macfarlandia)
Cicindela (Micromentignatha)
Cicindela (Myriochile)
Cicindela (Neolaphyra)
Cicindela (Opilidia)
Cicindela (Pachydela)
Cicindela (Pancallia)
Cicindela (Rivacindela)
Cicindela (Sophiodela)
Cicindela (Tribonia)

For a list of species, see List of Cicindela species. The subgenus Cicindela (Cicindela), or Cicindela sensu stricto contains the following species:

Cicindela albissima
Cicindela altaica
Cicindela ancocisconensis
Cicindela arenicola
Cicindela asiatica
Cicindela bellissima
Cicindela campestris
Cicindela clypeata
Cicindela coerulea
Cicindela colombica
Cicindela decemnotata
Cicindela denverensis
Cicindela depressula
Cicindela dorsalis
Cicindela duodecimguttata
Cicindela fabrici
Cicindela formosa
Cicindela fulgida
Cicindela gallica
Cicindela gemmata
Cicindela granulata
Cicindela hirticollis
Cicindela hybrida
Cicindela iberica
Cicindela japana
Cicindela kozhantschikovi
Cicindela lacteola
Cicindela lengi
Cicindela lewisii
Cicindela ligi
Cicindela limbalis
Cicindela limbata
Cicindela longilabris
Cicindela lusitanica
Cicindela majalis
Cicindela marginata
Cicindela maroccana
Cicindela nebraskana
Cicindela nigrior
Cicindela ohlone
Cicindela oregona
Cicindela parowana
Cicindela patruela
Cicindela plutonica
Cicindela pugetana
Cicindela pulchra
Cicindela punctulata
Cicindela purpurea
Cicindela repanda
Cicindela resplendens
Cicindela restricta
Cicindela sachalinensis
Cicindela sahlbergii
Cicindela scutellaris
Cicindela sexguttata
Cicindela soluta
Cicindela songorica
Cicindela splendida
Cicindela sylvatica
Cicindela sylvicola
Cicindela tenuicincta
Cicindela theatina
Cicindela tranquebarica
Cicindela transbaicalica
Cicindela turkestanika
Cicindela waynei

Use of the Cicindela elegans name

Cicindela elegans Fourcroy & Geoffroy, 1785 is a synonym for Cephalota elegans, a species found in Russia.
Cicindela elegans Dej. (described as "Cicindela elegans Dej. Spec I. 144. 123. De Java . Coll . de M. Payen" by Pierre Léonard Vander Linden in 1829[4][5] refers to a species found in Java. The description given by Dejean is
"C. Versicolor Mac Leay. Annulosa Javanica. I. p. 11. n°7.", whereas that given by Macleay is
"7. VERSICOLOR. C. atrocaeruleus thorace bis constricto elytris atris, apice violaceis; margine maculis tribus viridiaeneis. Long. corp. 5/16 +
Insectum nitidum generi praecedenti proximum. Caput atrocaeruleum rugis striatum fronte depresso oculis magnis prominentibus. Labrum viride. Mandibulae testaceae apice nifrae. Pulpi testacei articulis duobus ultimis viridibus. Antennae nigrae basi caerulae. Thorax THERATIS latere posticéque viridis. Elytra trimaculata maculis viridibus marginalibus; humerali elongata posticé, media transversa, posticaque triangulari. Corpus subtus caeruleum. Pedes atrocaerulei.".

Notes

"Genus Cicindela". Bugguide. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Cardoso, A, Vogler, A.P. DNA taxonomy, phylogeny and Pleistocene diversification of the Cicindela hybrida species group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Molecular Ecology (2005) 14, 3531–3546
Proença, S.J.R, Cytogenetic variability in three species of the genus Cicindela (s.l.) (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae): Karyotypes and localization of 18S rDNA genes.Genetics and Molecular Biology, 27, 4, 555-560 (2004)
Essai sur les insects de Java et des îles voisines. PL Vander Linden, Nouveaux mémoires de l'Académie Royale Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, Volume 5, pages 1-28, 1829, description page 16 (link)

Species général des coléoptères, de la collection de M. le comte Dejean, Volume 2. Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean

References

Northeastern Tiger Beetles: A Field Guide to Tiger Beetles of New England and Eastern Canada by Jonathan G. Leonard and Ross T. Bell. CRC Press (1999).
Tiger Beetles of Alberta: Killers on the Clay, Stalkers on the Sand by John Acorn. University of Alberta Press, 2001.
Tiger Beetles: The Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity of the Cicindelids by David L. Pearson and Alfried P. Vogler. Cornell University Press, 2001.
A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of the United States and Canada by David L. Pearson, C. Barry Knisley and Charles J. Kazilek. Oxford University Press, 2005.