Chrysochus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Cucujiformia
Cladus: Phytophaga
Superfamilia: Chrysomeloidea

Familia: Chrysomelidae
Subfamilia: Eumolpinae
Tribus: Eumolpini
Genus: Chrysochus
Species: C. asclepiadeus – C. auratus – C. brevefasciatus – C. chinensis – C. cobaltinus – C. globicollis – C. goniostoma – C. mniszechi – C. sikhima
Name

Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836: 413 [conserved name]

Type species: Chrysomela praetiosa Fabricius, 1792 [= Chrysomela asclepiadea Pallas, 1773], by subsequent designation by Marseul (1864): xli.
Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 2298.

Synonyms

Atymius Gistel, 1848: 404 [unnecessary substitute name]
Eumolpus [sensu auct.]

References
Primary references

Chevrolat, L.A.A. 1836. [new taxa]. In: Dejean, P.F.M.A. Catalogue des Coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Deuxième édition. [Livraison 5]. Paris: Méquignon-Marvis Père et Fils. pp. 361–443. BHL. Reference page.
Gistel, J.N.F.X. 1848. Abtheilung I. Thierreich. Pp. 1–626. In: Gistel, J.N.F.X. & Bromme, Tr. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller drei Reiche, für Lehrer und Lernende, für Schule und Haus. [1850] Stuttgart: R. Hoffmann, 1037 pp., 48 pl. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.37040 BHL. Reference page.
ICZN. 2012. Opinion 2298 (Case 3519). Eumolpus Weber, 1801, Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 and Bromius Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 (Insecta, Coleoptera, CHRYSOMELIDAE): usage conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 69(2): 147–149. DOI: 10.21805/bzn.v69i2.a6 Paywall. Reference page.
Marseul S.A. de 1864. Bibliographie. L'Abeille, Mémoires d'Entomologie 1: xli–lx. BHL

Additional references

Clavareau, H. 1914. Pars 59: Chrysomelidae: 11. Eumolpinae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (eds.). Coleopterorum Catalogus. Volumen XXIV. Chrysomelidae I. Berlin: W. Junk. 215 pp. BHL. Reference page.
Jacoby, M. 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. London: Francis & Taylor. xx + 534 pp., 2 pls. Internet Archive. BHL Reference page.
Löbl, I. & Smetana, A.. 2010. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6, 2010. Index to species-group names. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. 507 pp. Full article (PDF).
Mohamedsaid, M.S. 2004. Catalogue of the Malaysian Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Series Faunistica 36. Sofia-Moscow: Pensoft Publishers. 239 pp. ISBN 954-642-201-0. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Moseyko, A.G. 2021. Notes on Asiatic Eumolpinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Entomological Review 100(6): 843–862 [2020]. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873820060123 Paywall. Reference page. [species moved to Parheminodes and Platycorynus]
Moseyko, A.G. & Sprecher-Uebersax, E. 2010. Subfamily Eumolpinae Hope, 1840. Pp. 619–643. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (eds.) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. 924 pp. ISBN 978-87-88757-84-2. Google Books. Reference page.
Riley, E.G., Clark, S.M. & Seeno, T.N. 2003. Catalog of the leaf beetles of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopididae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 1. Sacramento, CA. 290 pp. ISBN 978-0-9726087-1-8. PDF. Reference page.

Links

ZooBank: act:994C6850-64DC-4DAA-910D-742630F083D9
Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Chrysochus. Chrysomelidae @ MIZA.
Eumolpus Illiger, 1798. Chrysomelidae - The Leaf Beetles of Europe and the Mediterranean Subregion (Checklist and Iconography).

Vernacular names
한국어: 중국청람색잎벌레속
中文（简体）: 萝藦肖叶甲属

Chrysochus is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from North America, Europe and Asia.

Etymology

The name of the genus is derived from the Greek χρυσοχόος (chrysochóos), meaning "goldsmith".[2]
Taxonomic history

In 1836, the genus Chrysochus was first established by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in Dejean's Catalogue des Coléoptères, including the species Chrysomela asiatica Pallas, 1771, C. aurata Fabricius, 1775 and C. pretiosa Fabricius, 1792 (now Chrysochares asiaticus, Chrysochus auratus and Chrysochus asclepiadeus, respectively). Chrysomela praetiosa was designated as the type species of the genus by Sylvain Auguste de Marseul in 1864.[3]

The generic name Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 is a conserved name. It was threatened by Eumolpus in the sense used by Kugelann in Illiger, 1798, which included Chrysomela praetiosa. An application to conserve Chrysochus and other names by suppressing Eumolpus Illiger, 1798 was accepted by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 2012.[4][5]
Species

There are at least eight described species in Chrysochus. Six are found in the Palearctic realm,[6] and only two are found in North America.

Chrysochus asclepiadeus (Pallas, 1773) – widespread across Europe, also found in Kazakhstan and Turkey
Chrysochus asclepiadeus asiaeminoris De Monte, 1948 (Considered a synonym by Ekiz et al. (2015)[7])
Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius, 1775) – Dogbane beetle; found in eastern North America
Chrysochus brevefasciatus Pic, 1934[8] – found in Shanghai, China
Chrysochus chinensis Baly, 1859[9] – found in Central, North and Northeast China, Japan, Mongolia and the Russian Far East
Chrysochus cobaltinus LeConte, 1857 – Blue milkweed beetle; found in the western United States and British Columbia
Chrysochus globicollis Lefèvre, 1888 – found in Northeast China, the Russian Far East and North Korea
Chrysochus goniostoma Weise, 1889 – found in North and Northeast China, Mongolia, and the Russian Far East
Chrysochus sikhima Jacoby, 1908[10] – found in Sikkim, India

Another species, Chrysochus mniszechi, was described in 1877 by Édouard Lefèvre, from three specimens he had seen (one in the collection of Georges Mniszech [fr], and two from Henry Deyrolle's). While he did not know where the specimens were collected from, Lefèvre thought that they probably came from North America.[11]

The following species, all from the Oriental realm, were formerly included in Chrysochus. They were transferred to the genera Parheminodes and Platycorynus in 2021:[12]

Chrysochus conspectus Lefèvre, 1890: moved to Parheminodes
Chrysochus hageni Jacoby, 1884:[13] moved to Parheminodes
Chrysochus languei Lefèvre, 1893: moved to Platycorynus
Chrysochus massiei Lefèvre, 1893: moved to Parheminodes
Chrysochus mouhoti Baly, 1864: moved to Parheminodes
Chrysochus nilgiriensis Jacoby, 1908:[10] moved to Parheminodes
Chrysochus pulcher Baly, 1864:[14] moved to Parheminodes

Biology

All species of Chryochus feed on plants in the Apocynaceae (dogbane) and Asclepiadaceae (milkweed) families. A small mutation has allowed the two North American species, C. auratus and C. cobaltinus, in particular to feed on the plant species containing cardenolides, while all other species of the genus feed on plant species without cardenolides.[15]
References

Bezděk, J. (2020). "Review of the genus-level names proposed by Johannes Gistel in Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)". Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 60 (1): 173–188. doi:10.37520/aemnp.2020.011.
Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1843). "Chrysochus". In d'Orbigny, C. (ed.). Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 3. Paris: MM. Renard, Martinet et Cie. p. 652.
Bousquet, Yves; Bouchard, Patrice (2013). "The genera in the second catalogue (1833–1836) of Dejean's Coleoptera collection". ZooKeys (282): 1–219. doi:10.3897/zookeys.282.4401. PMC 3677338. PMID 23794836.
Moseyko, A.G.; Sprecher-Uebersax, E.; Löbl, I. (2010). "Case 3519 Eumolpus Weber, 1801, Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 and Bromius Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 (Insecta, Coleoptera, chrysomelidae): proposed conservation of usage". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 67 (3): 218–224. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a10. S2CID 83763033.
ICZN (2012). "Opinion 2298 (Case 3519) Eumolpus Weber, 1801, Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 and Bromius Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 (Insecta, Coleoptera, chrysomelidae): usage conserved". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 69 (2): 147–149. doi:10.21805/bzn.v69i2.a6. S2CID 83692416. "The Commission has conserved the usage of the generic names Eumolpus Weber, 1801, Chrysochus Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 and Bromius Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 by suppressing the name Eumolpus Illiger, 1798."
Moseyko, A. G.; Sprecher-Uebersax, E. (2010). "Eumolpinae". In Löbl, I.; Smetana, A. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books. pp. 619–643. ISBN 978-87-88757-84-2.
Ekiz, A. N.; Şen, İ.; Gök, A.; Turantepe, E. (2015). "Occurrence of Chrysochus asclepiadeus (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Turkey: two distinct subspecies or the same taxon with slightly different populations?". Zoology in the Middle East. 61 (2): 148–152. doi:10.1080/09397140.2015.1020608. S2CID 84573346.
Pic, M. (1934). "Nouveautés diverses" (PDF). Mélanges Exotico–Entomologiques. 63: 1–36.
Baly, J. S. (1859). "Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophagous insects". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3. 4 (20): 124–128. doi:10.1080/00222935908697096.
Jacoby, M. (1908). Bingham, C. T. (ed.). Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor & Francis.
Lefèvre, E. (1877). "Descriptions de Coléoptères nouveaux ou peu connus de la Famille des Eumolpides (2e partie)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 5. 7: 309–326.
Moseyko, A.G. (2020). "Notes on Asiatic Eumolpinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)". Entomological Review (published 15 January 2021). 100 (6): 843–862. doi:10.1134/S0013873820060123.
Jacoby, M. (1884). "Descriptions of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Dr. B. Hagen at Serdang (East Sumatra)". Notes from the Leyden Museum. 6: 201–230.
Baly, J. S. (1864). Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga. Stationer's Hall: J.S. Baly.

Jolivet, Pierre; Verma, Krishna K. (2008). "Eumolpinae – a widely distributed and much diversified subfamily of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)" (PDF). Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews. 1 (1): 3–37. doi:10.1163/187498308X345424.

Further reading
Dolgovskaya, M.Y.; Volkovitsh, M.G.; Reznik, S.Y.; et al. (2016). "Host specificity of Asian Chrysochus Chevr. in Dej. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) and their potential use for biological control of invasive Vincetoxicum species". Entomological Review. 96 (7): 826–830. doi:10.1134/S0013873816070022. S2CID 41525270.