Charaxes cynthia

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Charaxinae
Tribus: Charaxini
Genus: Charaxes
Species: Charaxes cynthia
Subspecies: C. c. angusticlavius – C. c. cameroonensis – C. c. cizeyi – C. c. guineensis – C. c. intermedia – C. c. kinduana – C. c. mawamba – C. c. mukuyu – C. c. parvicaudatus – C. c. propinqua – C. c. sabulosus
Name

Charaxes cynthia Butler, 1865
Synonymy

Charaxes lysianassa Westwood, 1874
Charaxes guineensis Le Moult, 1933

References

Butler, A.G. 1865. Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 622–639, 2 pls. Reference page.
Westwood, J.O. 1874. Thesaurus entomologicus oxoniensis; or, illustrations of new, rare, and interesting insects, for the most part contained in the collections presented to the University of Oxford by the Rev. F.W. Hope, M.A., D.C.L., R.R.S., &c. with forty plates from drawings by the author. Claredon Press, Oxford. 205 pp. BHL Reference page.

Charaxes cynthia, the western red charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Angola, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia.[3]

Description
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

Upperside black brown, crossed by a central ferruginous band, as in C. lucretius, divided into spots by the nervures towards the apex of the front wings, and incurved towards the anterior margin; outer margin deeper ferruginous, divided into marginal spots by the nervures in the front wings; base reddish brown; inner margin of hindwings covered with long brown hairs; front marginal edge of anterior wings reddish brown, with four spots of the same colour in couples just below it, two at the end of the cell, and two just beyond. Body golden brown; abdomen pale; head and prothorax reddish; palpi white externally.

Underside—front wings reddish grey, crossed beyond the middle by a band of large pale oval ferruginous spots, tapering towards the apex, and curving at the top towards the anterior margin, enclosing ochreous lunules, and bordered outwardly by faint silvery lunules; the last three spots bordered inwardly, the lowest one with green grey deeply margined with black, the other two with ochreous bordered outwardly with ferruginous; a large irregular black patch marked with three silvery streaks near the anal angle; a reddish elongate spot at the anal angle; front marginal edge silver from the base to the end of the cell; cell ochreous, enclosing four irregular reddish spots; two similar spots at the end of the cell, margined outwardly with ochreous, and three similar lunular spots placed obliquely just beyond; a black and ferruginous spot just below the middle of the median nervure. Hind wings ferruginous; basal half crossed by three wavy bands of grey, the central one distinct, silvery; apical half with irregular reddish grey submarginal bands, bordered outwardly by a lunulate line of violaceous; wings crossed by a central irregular silver band from the middle of the front margin to the inner margin just above the anal angle; an irregular row of eight spots between the nervures, outside the central band, the seven upper ones ochreous, lunular, the eighth silver, linear; a yellowish-green spot at the anal angle, bounded inwardly by a fine pale blue line and two black dots; inner margin streaked with grey. Body whitish ochreous. Hab. Ashanti. B.M. Seitz-Ch. cynthia Btlr. The male is above confusingly like that of Charaxes lucretius , the only particular difference being that the red-yellow marginal spots on the forewing are smaller and the red-yellow marginal band of the hindwing broader; beneath, however, it agrees almost completely with boueti and hence is very different from lucretius. The female is on both surfaces similar to that of boueti, differing above in the darker black- brown basal part of both wings, in the brighter yellow median band, which is red-yellow in cellules 3—7 of the forewing, and the larger marginal spots. Sierra Leone to Angola and Unyoro. [4]
Biology

The habitat consists of primary forest. The larvae feed on Griffonia simplicifolia, Albizia zygia, Garcinia, Griffonia, Klainedoxa, Phialodiscus, Celtis and Coffea species. Notes on the biology of cynthia are given by Larsen, T.B. (1991) .[5]

Taxonomy

Charaxes cynthia group

The group members are:

Charaxes cynthia similar to Charaxes lucretius
Charaxes protoclea
Charaxes boueti close to next
Charaxes lasti close to last
Charaxes alticola sometimes ranked as a subspecies of Charaxes boueti

Related to Charaxes lasti, Charaxes macclounii and Charaxes boueti [6]
Subspecies

Charaxes cynthia cynthia — Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, western Nigeria
Charaxes cynthia kinduana Le Cerf, 1923 [7] — south-eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda
Charaxes cynthia mukuyu van Someren, 1969 — [8] — Tanzania: Kigoma and Mpanda
Charaxes cynthia parvicaudatus Lathy, 1925 .[9] — eastern Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania
Charaxes cynthia sabulosus Talbot, 1928[10] — Democratic Republic of the Congo, north-western Zambia

Subspecies gallery

C. c. cynthia in A.G. Butler (1866)

C. c. kinduana from CAR

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charaxes cynthia.
Wikispecies has information related to Charaxes cynthia.

Butler, A.G. 1865 [1866]. Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 622–639
"Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini
Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Larsen, T.B. 1991The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490.
Kielland, J. 1990 . Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.
Le Cerf, F. 1923. Descriptions de formes nouvelles de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 29: 360-367; 428-429.
Van Someren, V.G.L. 1969. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 23: 75-166.
Lathy, P.I. 1925. Notes sur les Charaxes de la collection de Madam G. Fournier (1). Encyclopedie Entomologique (B.3 Lepidoptera) 1: 93-97

Talbot, G. 1928 New forms of African Nymphalidae (Lep. Rhop.) in the Musee du Congo,Tervueren. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 229-231

Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31
Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1969 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)75-166.[1]
Rothschild, W and Jordan, K., 1900 Novitates Zoologicae Volume 7:287-524. [2] pages 405-407 (for terms see Novitates Zoologicae Volume 5:545-601 [3])