Celaenorrhinini

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Tagiadinae
Tribus: Celaenorrhinini
Genera: Alenia – Apallaga – Aurivittia – Celaenorrhinus – Charmion – Eretis – Loxolexis – Pseudocoladenia – Sarangesa – Triskelionia
Alenia - Celaenorrhinus - Eretis - Katreus - Loxolexis - Pseudocoladenia -

Name

Celaenorrhinini Swinhoe, 1912
References

Cock, M.J.W.; Congdon, T.C.E. 2011: Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 3. Pyrginae: Celaenorrhinini. Zootaxa, 3033: 1–67. Preview
Larsen, T.B.; Congdon, T.C.E. 2011: Triskelionia, a new African genus of the Celaenorrhinini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and the promotion of T. compacta to species-status. Zootaxa, 2931: 53–58. Preview
Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page.
Miller, L.D., 1971: Descriptions of new species and notes on other Hesperiidae of Africa. Bull. Allyn Museum 2: 1–17. Full article: [1]
Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24(5): 642–676. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x PDF Reference page.
Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2009. Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic entomology 34(3): 467–523. Reference page.
Zhang, J., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Brockmann, E. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91–105. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.861.34686 Reference page.

The Celaenorrhini are a tribe in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae (spread-winged skippers). When the Eudaminae were still included in the Pyrginae as a tribe, their delimitation versus the Celaenorrhini was disputed, and there were even suggestions that the latter might belong in the former. But in reality, these two lineages of moderately advanced skippers are quite distinct. Some Celaenorrhini genera were also placed in the fairly closely related (but nonetheless distinct) tribe Tagiadini on occasion; Capila however has turned out to be properly placed there.[1]

These skippers are mainly found in tropical Africa. A few are found in Asia, and some species presently placed in the (paraphyletic) type genus Celaenorrhinus are found in the Neotropics. The closest living relatives of the Celaenorrhini are – other than the Tagiadini – the firetips, which were formerly treated as a subfamily but are nowadays considered the Pyrginae tribe Pyrrhopygini.[1]
Genera

The following genera – listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence – are placed in the Celaenorrhini:[1]

Alenia
Celaenorrhinus – sprites, "flats" (paraphyletic)
Katreus – giant scarce sprite
Eretis – "elves"
Sarangesa – "elfins" (formerly often in Tagiadini)
Pseudocoladenia (formerly often in Tagiadini)
Loxolexis – scarce sprites

Footnotes

Brower (2009)

References

Brower, Andrew V.Z. (2009): Tree of Life Web Project – Celaenorrhini. Version of 2009-JUN-14. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.