Castalius rosimon

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Lycaenidae
Subfamilia: Polyommatinae
Tribus: Polyommatini
Genus: Castalius
Species: Castalius rosimon
Subspecies: C. r. godarti – C. r. monrosi – C. r. rosimon
Name

Castalius rosimon (Fabricius, 1775)

Type locality: "India".

Holotype: "Mus. Tottianum"
Synonymy

Papilio rosimon Fabricius, 1775: 523. Tranquebar, India.
Papilio maimon Fabricius, 1775: 534. "Asia".
Papilio clyton Cramer, [1775]: pl. 67, f, F, G. E. India.
Papilio coridon Stoll, [1781]: pl. 340, f, C-E. "Coromandel". Pre-occupied.
Castalius naxus Hübner, [1819]: 70.; Verz. bek. Schmett. (5): 70
Caleta chota Swinhoe, 1885: 133. N. W. India.; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885 (1): 133, TL: NW.India
Castalius approximatus Butler, 1886: 186. Burma. ; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18 (105) : 186, TL: Burma

References

Butler, A. G., 1886. On a collection of Lepidoptera made by Cdr. A. Carpenter RN in Upper Burma… Ann. Mag. nat. Hist 18 (5): 182–191.
Cramer, P., 1775-1780.De Uitlandsche Kapellen ... Asia, Africa en America ... Amsterdam, Baalde & Utrecht, 4 vols.
Fabricius, J.C. 1775: Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species... Flensburgh and Leipzig, Library Kortii. Internet Archive Biodiversity Heritage Library
Hübner, J., 1816 - 1826. Verz. bekannt. Schmett. Augsberg.
Stoll, C., 1780-1790. In Cramer, P. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in der drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Afrika en America (etc.). Amsterdam, Baalde & Utrecht, 4 vols (252 pp. 400 pls.) and Suppl. (184 pp. 42 pls.)
Swinhoe, C., 1885. On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Deccam. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 (1): 124–148, pl. 9.

Vernacular names
English: Common Pierrot
தமிழ்: கரும்புள்ளி நீலன்

Castalius rosimon, the common Pierrot,[1][2][3][4] is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids, or blues family.
Castalius rosimon, common Pierrot

Distribution
Open wing position of common Pierrot found in Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India

The species is found in Sri Lanka, India,[1] Myanmar; Tenasserim, extending into the Malayan subregion. In the Indonesian archipelago the butterfly occurs in north-eastern Sumatra, Kalimantan, eastern Java, Bali, Bangka, Timor, Wetar, Kissar, Sumbawa and Sulawesi.[3][4][5]

In India the butterfly is found south of the outer ranges of the Himalayas, except in desert tracts; east India; the north-west Himalayas; Assam. The butterfly is also found in the Andaman Islands and the southern Nicobar Islands.[4][5]
Description
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.
Male

The upperside of its wings is mainly white. Forewing has the costa, apex and termen edged with black, the edging much broader on apex and termen; base outwards for a short distance more or less densely overlaid. with metallic blue scales which cover and make indistinct a large basal outwardly clavate (club-shaped) black spot; a transverse black oval spot on the discocellulars touching the black edging on the costa; an oblique irregular line of four quadrate black spots beyond, the upper spot coalesced with the black on the costal border, the next spot below shifted outwards out of line, touching, as does also the lowest spot, the terminal black edging; posterior to this is a quadrate black spot in the apical half of interspace 2, and placed obliquely outwards from 1b coalescent with the terminal black border, another similar spot in interspace 1.[5] Individuals of this species have been reported to exhibit seasonal colour variations and melanic aberrations that shows a similar pigmentation pattern.[6]

Hindwing: three basal black somewhat coalescent spots overlaid with metallic blue scaling; the costal margin above the subcostal vein and vein 7 black; this colour filling also the base of interspace 6, where in some specimens it is divided into a basal portion with a spot beyond; a postdiscal curved transverse black band followed by a subterminal transverse series of black spots, each spot edged inwardly and outwardly by very slender lunules of the white ground colour; on the inner side of the postdiscal band posteriorly is a broken line of four black generally coalescent spots two and two, the two upper often touching the postdiscal band.[5]

Underside primarily white. Forewing has a long oblique black band from base outwards to the costa; below it and obliquely placed an irregular black somewhat conical mark; following these are two outwardly oblique, medially interrupted, black macular bands; the inner of the two extended from costa along the discocellulars, is then widely interrupted below its posterior portion that is formed of two elongate coalescent spots and touches the inner subterminal transverse line of elongate spots just above the tornus; the outer, obliquely placed line is subapical and medially broken, the middle portion consisting of a quadrate spot is shifted outwards; finally, two parallel subterminal transverse series of black elongate spots, the inner series of broad, more or less rectangular spots, the outer series of more linear spots, the latter coalescent anteriorly with a slender anteciliary black line.[5]

Hindwing: a transverse basal black band, with an elongate black spot below it on the dorsum; a transverse subbasal line of four well-separated black spots; a transverse, oval, discocellular black spot and obliquely above it three subcostal similar spots, the inner two coalescent; postdiscal and terminal markings consist, the former of four black posterior spots two and two, each pair coalescent and placed en echelon, the latter of a transverse double series of subterminal black spots and an anteciliary black line; the upper portion of the postdiscal markings touches the inner subterminal line. Cilia of both forewings and hindwings white alternated with black at the apices of the veins; filamentous short tail to the hindwing black tipped with white.[5]

Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black, the shafts of the antennae ringed with white, the head between the eyes and behind them white; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen white, the last barred broadly with white on the sides.[5][7]
Female

Similar to the male but with the black markings on the upper and undersides broader.[5]

Larva

"Feeds on Zizyphus jujuba and is of a rough texture as if shagreened all over. It is of the usual woodlouse form, much flattened towards the anal segment which is very broad; head concealed; colour bright green with a double, dorsal, yellow line and the sides powdered with small yellow spots." (Davidson, Bell and Aitken)[5]
Pupa

"Of the usual Castalius form but narrow and slightly flattened. It is intensely glossy as if covered with gum. It varies in colour, being sometimes black, at others green with inconstant black markings." (Davidson, Bell & Aitken)[5]
See also

List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)

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Cited references

R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 134. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Castalius rosimon". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
Savela, Markku. "Castalius rosimon (Fabricius, 1775)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society. p. 214, ser no H11.1.
Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, C.T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. pp. 424–425.
Arnob Chakrovorty, Arunava Garai, Banani Bhattacharjee & Asmita Samadder (May 2020). "Genetic aberration in a Continental Common Pierrot from West Bengal, India". Zoo's Print. 35 (5): 111–112. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1905–1910). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. VII. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 239–241.