Carvalhoa

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Antliophora
Ordo: Diptera
Subordo: Brachycera
Infraordo: Asilomorpha
Superfamilia: Nemestrinoidea

Familia: Acroceridae
Subfamilia: Acrocerinae
Genus: Carvalhoa
Species (2): C. appendiculata – C. micella

[Source: Koçak & Kemal (2013)]
Name

Carvalhoa Koçak & Kemal, 2013

Type species: Sphaerops appendiculatus Philippi, 1865, automatic.
Synonyms

Sphaerops Philippi, 1865: 646 [preoccupied by Sphaerops Gray, 1845]
Type species: Sphaerops appendiculatus Philippi, 1865, by monotypy.
Carvalhoa Koçak & Kemal, 2013: 4 [new replacement name for Sphaerops Philippi, 1865]

References
Primary references

Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. 2013. A nomenclatural note in the family Acroceridae (Diptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara miscellaneous papers 159: 3–4. Internet Archive. Reference page.
Philippi, R.A. 1865. Aufzählung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15: 595–782. BHL. Internet Archive. Reference page.

Additional references

González, C.R., Elgueta, M. & Ramírez, F. 2018. A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa 4374(3): 427–440. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.3.6 Paywall. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Schlinger, E.I., Gillung, J.P. & Borkent, C.J. 2013. New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera. ZooKeys 270: 59–93. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.270.4476 Open access. Reference page.

Carvalhoa is a genus of small-headed flies in the family Acroceridae. The genus is endemic to Chile.[2][3] It was originally known as Sphaerops, named by Rodolfo Amando Philippi in 1865. This name was found to be preoccupied by the reptile genus Sphaerops Gray, 1845, so it was renamed to Carvalhoa by Ahmet Ömer Koçak and Muhabbet Kemal in 2013. The genus is named after the Brazilian dipterist Claudio José Barros de Carvalho.[1]

Unlike the larvae of other acrocerids, which are endoparasitoids (internal parasitoids) of spiders, the larvae of Carvalhoa appendiculata can develop as ectoparasitoids (external parasitoids) on their host spiders.[3]
Species

Carvalhoa appendiculata (Philippi, 1865)
Carvalhoa micella (Schlinger in Schlinger, Gillung & Borkent, 2013)[3]

References

Koçak, A. Ö.; Kemal, M. (2013). "A nomenclatural note in the family Acroceridae (Diptera)". Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara Miscellaneous Papers (159): 3–4.
González, Christian R.; Elgueta, Mario; Ramirez, Francisco (2018). "A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile". Zootaxa. 4374 (3): 427–440. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4374.3.6. PMID 29689809.
Schlinger, Evert I.; Gillung, Jessica P.; Borkent, Christopher J. (2013). "New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera". ZooKeys (270): 59–93. doi:10.3897/zookeys.270.4476. PMC 3668421. PMID 23730188.