Callicore (Hübner)

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Biblidinae
Tribus: Biblidini
Subtribus: Callicorina
Genus: Callicore
Species (21): C. amazona – C. astarte – C. atacama – C. brome – C. cyclops – C. cynosura – C. eunomia – C. excelsior – C. felderi – C. hesperis – C. hydarnis – C. hydaspes – C. hystaspes – C. ines – C. lyca – C. maronensis – C. pitheas – C. pygas – C. sorana – C. texa – C. tolima
Name

Callicore Hübner, 1819
Type species: Papilio astarte Cramer, 1779

Synonyms

Catagramma Boisduval, 1836, Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: pl. 9 (=pl. 5B), f. 2,
Type species: Catagramma hydaspes Boisduval, 1836

References

Attal, S, 1999. New Neotropical Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 104(4): 369–374. Reference page.
Attal, S., Hiltbrand, R. & Rodríguez, G. 2006. Nouveaux Nymphalidae nétropicaux (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 111(1): 35–42. Reference page.
Hübner, 1819, Verz. bek. Schmett. (3): 41.
Lamas, G., 2004, Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea.
Neukirchen, W.M. 1996: Neue exotische Schmetterlinge der Genera Asterope und Callicore (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 105(19): 381–386. (Callicore arirambae marisolae)

Callicore is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the paraphyletic Catagramma assemblage.

Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights or numberwings like the related genera Diaethria and Perisama, in reference to the characteristic patterns on the hindwing undersides of many. In Callicore, the pattern consists of bluish dots surrounded by black and looks more like "αB" or "8°", though some members of this genus have a completely different arrangement of dots. The forewing undersides vary little between species, being black with one or two broad orange-yellow bands in the basal part and one thin and one very faint yellowish band near the apex.

C. hydarnis is listed as an endangered species in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Species

Listed alphabetically within species groups:[1]

The atacama species group:

Callicore atacama (Hewitson, 1852) – yellow-banded eighty-eight
Callicore felderi (Hewitson, 1864) – 8-spot numberwing
Callicore hesperis (Guérin, 1844) – hesperis eighty-eight

The cyllene species group:

Callicore pygas (Godart, [1824]) – pygas eighty-eight

The cynosura species group:

Callicore astarte (Cramer, 1779) – Astarte eighty-eight
Callicore cynosura (Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847) – Cynosura eighty-eight
Callicore excelsior (Hewitson, 1857) – excelsior eighty-eight or superb numberwing
Callicore ines (Hopp, 1922)
Callicore sorana (Godart, 1832) – Sorana eighty-eight

The hydarnis species group

Callicore hydarnis (Godart, [1824])

The hydaspes species group:

Callicore brome (Doyère, [1840]) – four-spotted eighty-eight
Callicore hydaspes (Drury, 1782) – Hydaspes eighty-eight
Callicore lyca (Doubleday, [1847]) – Aegina numberwing
Callicore maronensis (Oberthür, 1916)

The pitheas species group:

Callicore cyclops (Staudinger, 1891)
Callicore pitheas (Latreille, 1811) – two-eyed eighty-eight

The texa species group:

Callicore texa (Hewitson, 1854) – Texa eighty-eight

The tolima species group:

Callicore eunomia (Hewitson, 1853) – Eunomia eighty-eight
Callicore hystaspes (Fabricius, 1781) – Hystaspes eighty-eight
Callicore tolima (Hewitson, 1851) – blue-and-orange eighty-eight

Gallery

Astarte eighty-eight,
C. astarte, upperside

Aegina numberwing,
C. l. salamis, underside

Eunomia eighty-eight,
C. eunomia, underside

Superb numberwing,
C. e. pastazza, underside

Cynosura eighty-eight,
C. cynosura, underside

Pygas eighty-eight,
(C. pygas)
Iguazu Falls, Brazil

References

"Callicore Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., & Brown, K. S., Jr. (1998). Butterflies (Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in Minas Gerais, Brazil (in Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15(1), 241-259.
Garwood, K. M., Lehman, Carter, W., & Carter, G. (2007). Butterflies of Southern Amazonia. Mission, Texas: Neotropical Butterflies.
Lamas, G., ed. 2004. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.