Boarmiini

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Cladus: Macroheterocera
Superfamilia: Geometroidea

Familia: Geometridae
Subfamilia: Ennominae
Tribus: Boarmiini
Genera: Abaciscus – Acrodontis – Acrotomodes – Adactylotis – Aethalura – Afriberina – Alcis – Amblychia – Amraica – Anacamptodes – Anamedasina – Apheloceros – Apophyga – Arbomia – Arichanna – Ascotis – Athroolopha – Blepharoctenucha – Boarmacaria – Boarmia – Bornealcis – Bracca – Bulbocephala – Calamodes – Calcyopa – Calicha – Calichodes – Callmilionia – Catoria – Chorodna – Chrysoblephara – Cleora – Colocleora – Coremecis – Craspedosis – Crocota – Cryptomedasina – Ctenectropis – Cusiala – Dactylophia – Dalima – Darisa – Dasyboarmia – Dasyfidonia – Dasypteroma – Deileptenia – Didymoctenia – Dilophodes – Diplublephara – Diplurodes – Duliophyle – Ecleora – Ectropidia – Ectropis – Ekboarmia – Ematurga – Ephalaenia – Ephemerophila – Erebomorpha – Eumannia – Eurranthis – Exeliopsis – Exelis – Fagivorina – Gasterocome – Gastrinodes – Glaucina – Glena – Glenoides – Habermannia – Harutaea – Harutalcis – Hesperumia – Heterarmia – Hulstina – Hypagyrtis – Hyposidra – Hypomecis – Iridopsis – Ithysia – Iulotrichia – Jankowskia – Krananda – Lassaba – Lophobates – Medasina – Megalycinia – Megametopon – Melanchroia – Menophra – Microcalicha – Micromedasina – Milionia – Monocerotesa – Myrioblephara – Necyopa – Neoalcis – Nigriblephara – Nychiodes – Ophthalmitis – Oreometra – Orthofidonia – Pachyplocia – Paraboarmia – Paradarisa – Parapholodes – Parectropis – Peribatodes – Phanerothyris – Phaselia – Phelotis – Phthonosema – Phyllometra – Pimaphera – Pleogynopteryx – Pogonopygia – Polymixinia – Prochasma – Protalcis – Protoboarmia – Pseudalcis – Pseuderannis – Pseudocoremia – Psilalcis – Racotis – Ramobia – Rikiosatoa – Ruttellerona – Sardocyrnia – Satoblephara – Satoracotis – Sciadia – Scioglyptis – Selidosema – Sinameda – Spartopteryx – Stenoporpia – Syneora – Synglochis – Synopsia – Sysstema – Telletrurona – Tephronia – Thallogama – Thoyowpongia – Tornos – Uliura – Xandrames – Xerodes – Xylopteryx – Yazakia – Zanclomenophra – Zanclopera – Zermizinga – Zernyia – Zeuctoboarmia – Zygoctenia
Name

Boarmiini Duponchel, 1845
Synonyms

Ascotini Warren, 1893
Cleorini Duponchel, 1845
Fidoniini Duponchel, 1845

References

Agassiz, D.J.L., 2009: The Macrolepidoptera fauna of Acacia in The Kenyan Rift Valley (Part-2: Description of new species). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 19 (1): 9–17.
Carcasson, R.H., 1965: New Lepidoptera from East Africa. The East Africa Natural History Society 25 (2): 131–160.
Inoue, Hiroshi, 2004, Two new species of the genus Craspedosis Butler from the Moluccas, Indonesia (Geometridae, Ennominae), Tinea 18 (1): 1–4.
Rindge, F.H. 1954: A revision of the genus Tornos Morrison (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 104 (2): 181–236. Full article: [1].
Rindge, F.H. 1959: A revision of Glaucina, Synglochis, and Eubarnesia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 118 (6): 263–365. Full article: [2].
Rindge, F.H. 1966: A revision of the moth genus Anacamptodes (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132 (3): 177–243. Full article: [3].
Rindge, F.H. 1968: A revision of the moth genus Stenoporpia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 140: 67–134. Full article: [4].
Rindge, F.H. 1970: A revision of the moth genera Hulstina and Pterotaea (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 142 (4): 257–342. Full article: [5].
Sato, R., 1995: Descriptions of two new genera and eight new species of the Boarmiini (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Sulawesi. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 46 (1): 33–43. Abstract and full article: [6].
Sato, R., 1995: Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Thailand II. Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 46 (4): 209–227. Abstract and full article: [7].
Sato, R., 1996: Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae; Ennominae) from Thailand III. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 47(4): 223–236. Abstract and full article: [8].
Sato, R., 1999: Yazakia, a new genus of the Boarmiini (Ennominae, Geometridae), with descriptions of four new species from Sulawesi. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 50(1): 41–47. Abstract and full article: [9].
Sato, R., 2002: A new species of the genus Cryptomedasina Sato (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Mindanao Is., the Philippines. Tinea 17 (1): 10–12.
Sato, R., 2002: Two new species and two new subspecies of the Boarmiini from Taiwan, with notes on Alcis anmashanensis Sato (Geometridae: Ennominae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 53 (3): 141–149. Abstract and full article: [10].
Sato, R., 2005: Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Thailand IV. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 56(1): 63–72. Abstract and full article: [11].
Sato, R., 2005: Revisional study on the genus Cryptomedasina (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Sulawesi, with descriptions of six new species. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 56 (3): 213–222. Abstract and full article: [12].
Sato, R., 2013: New and unrecorded species of the Boarmiini (Geometridae, Ennominae) from Sumatra, with some taxonomic notes. Tinea, 22 (4): 242–252.
Sato, R. & C.-M. FU, 2010: Two new species of the Boarmiini (Geometridae, Ennominae) from Taiwan. Tinea 21(3): 122–128.
Stüning, D., 1995: Satoracotis gen. n., a new genus of the tribe Boarmiini from East Asia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Tinea, 14(2): 142–147.
Stüning, D., 2004: A new species of Dalima Moore from Northwest Myanmar (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Tinea 18(3): 169–173.
Vargas, H.A. 2010: A new species of Glena Hulst (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from northern Chile. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 54 (1): 42–44. DOI: 10.1590/S0085-56262010000100005. Full article: [13].

The Boarmiini (also often called Cleorini) are a large tribe of geometer moths in the Ennominae subfamily.

Description and systematics

This family is sometimes massively expanded, with the closely related Bistonini, Bupalini, Erannini, Gnophini, Melanolophini, Phaseliini and Theriini all merged into it. The eggs of all these geometer moths have the chorion cells characteristically arranged in longitudinal rows. The eggs of the Boarmiini in the narrow sense usually have a typical slender and narrow shape, with a soft chorion consisting of heavy-walled but unridged polygonal cells. However, in Cleora for example, the eggs approach the wide-walled shape found in many Bistonini. Adding further to the uncertainty is the fact that the Alsophilinae, usually treated as a small subfamily in their own right, might be a specialized lineage of Boarmiini; though their caterpillars are quite different, their pupae have a peculiar T-shaped cremaster which very much resembles that of the Boarmiini.[2]

Boarmiini in the narrow sense are typically slender geometer moths that rest with the wings spread out flatly and do not tuck the hindwings under the forewings while at rest. Typically, they are cryptically colored and rather dark, with brownish-grey hues predominating; in many, there are two or three weak wavy bands extending across the wings and forming a rough semicircle when the moths are at rest. Though they all look quite similar in habitus, there are few unequivocal characters that can be easily used to recognize adult members of this tribe. The females of many species have a conspicuously long ovipositor for hiding away the typical soft-shelled eggs. The valva and harpe (or "clasper") of the male genitalia are highly complex in almost all species and often bear various extensions. The juxta is typically well-developed, large and extended. Their caterpillars are rarely plump, and apparently at least some mimic twigs or thin leaves.
Selected genera
Adult male Neoalcis californiaria, one of the many species only tentatively placed in the Boarmiini

As numerous ennominae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary.[3]

Abaciscus
Acrotomodes
Adactylotis (tentatively placed here)
Aethalura
Afriberina (tentatively placed here)
Alcis
Amblychia
Amraica
Anacamptodes (tentatively placed here)
Anacleora
Anavinemina
Anavitrinella
Antiphoides
Apheloceros
Apophyga
Arichanna
Ascotis
Astalotesia
Ateloptila
Athroolopha (tentatively placed here)
Biclavigera
Blepharoctenucha
Boarmacaria
Bornealcis
Bracca
Bryoptera
Calamodes (tentatively placed here)
Calcyopa (tentatively placed here)
Calicha
Calichodes
Callhistia
Callocasta
Catoria
Chesiadodes
Chorodna
Chrysoblephara
Cleora
Cleorodes
Colocleora
Coremecis
Craspedosis
Crocota
Cryptomedasina
Cusiala
Dalima
Darisa
Dasyboarmia
Dasyfidonia (tentatively placed here)
Dasypteroma (tentatively placed here)
Deileptenia
Deinotrichia
Didymoctenia[verification needed]
Dilophodes
Dioptidae[verification needed]
Diplublephara
Diplurodes
Duliophyle
Dyscheralcis
Ecleora (tentatively placed here)
Ectropidia
Ectropis
Ekboarmia (tentatively placed here)
Ematurga
†Eogeometer Fischer, Michalski & Hausmann, 2019[4]
Ephalaenia
Ephemerophila
Epimecis (tentatively placed here)
Erebomorpha
Eubarnesia
Eulycia
Eumannia
Euphronarcha[verification needed]
Eurranthis (tentatively placed here)
Eutomopepla
Exeliopsis
Exelis (tentatively placed here)
Fagivorina
Gasterocome
Gastrinodes[verification needed]
Glaucina (tentatively placed here)
Glena (tentatively placed here)
Glenoides (tentatively placed here)
Habermannia[verification needed]
Harutaea
Harutalcis
Hesperumia (tentatively placed here)
Heterarmia
Heterogena
Hulstina
Hymenomima
Hypomecis (including Boarmia)
Hyposidra (tentatively placed here)
Iridopsis (tentatively placed here)
Ithysia
Iulotrichia
Jankowskia
Krananda
Lassaba
Lipogya
Lophobates
Megalycinia
Megametopon
Melanchroia
Melanolophia
Melanoscia
Menophra
Microcalicha
Milionia
Myrioblephara
Necyopa
Neoalcis (tentatively placed here)
Neofidonia
Nigriblephara
Nychiodes
Odysia
Ophthalmitis
Orthofidonia (tentatively placed here)[verification needed]
Paraboarmia
Paradarisa
Parectropis
Peribatodes
Perigramma
Phaselia
Phelotis[verification needed]
Pherotesia
Pholodes
Phthonosema
Phyllometra
Physocleora
Pimaphera (tentatively placed here)
Pogonopygia
Polyacme
Praesos
Prochasma
Protoboarmia
Pseudalcis
Pseuderannis
Pseudocoremia (tentatively placed here)
Psilalcis
Psilosticha[verification needed]
Racotis
Rikiosatoa
Ruttellerona
Sardocyrnia[verification needed] (tentatively placed here)
Satoblephara
Sciadia (tentatively placed here)
Scioglyptis[verification needed]
Scotorythra[verification needed]
Selidosema
Spartopteryx
Stenoporpia (tentatively placed here)
Syneora[verification needed]
Synopsia
Sysstema
Tephronia
Thoyowpongia
Tornos (tentatively placed here)
Xandrames
Zanclomenophra
Zanclopera
Zermizinga
Zernyia (tentatively placed here)

In addition, the genera Acrodontis and Xerodes (usually placed in Ennomini), as well as Monocerotesa (usually in Macariini) are placed in the Boarmiini by some authors. "Boarmia" penthearia however appears to belong to the Macariini.[5]

The fossil Lithopsyche was long assigned to the Boarmiini, but more recently a restudy indicated that it is a misidentified true butterfly (Papilionoidea).

In 2019, the first geometrid caterpillar in Baltic amber was discovered by German scientists. Described under Eogeometer vadens, it measured about 5 mm (0.20 in), and was estimated to be 44 million years old, dating back to Eocene epoch. It was described as the earliest evidence for the subfamily of Ennominae, particularly the tribe of Boarmiini.[4]
References

Forum Herbulot (2008)
Holloway (1994), Young (2008)
See references in Savela (2008)
Fischer, Thilo C.; Michalski, Artur; Hausmann, Axel (2019). "Geometrid caterpillar in Eocene Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): Article number 17201. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53734-w. PMC 6868187. PMID 31748672.

Young (2008)

Forum Herbulot (2008): Family group names in Geometridae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-22.
Holloway, J.D. (1994): The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae. London.
Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Ennominae. Version of 2008-MAR-08. Retrieved 2008-JUL-21.
Young, Catherine J. (2008): Characterisation of the Australian Nacophorini using adult morphology, and phylogeny of the Geometridae based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 1736: 1-141. PDF abstract and excerpt