Austrosimulium

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Antliophora
Ordo: Diptera
Subordo: Nematocera
Infraordo: Culicomorpha
Superfamilia: Chironomoidea

Familia: Simuliidae
Subfamilia: Simuliinae
Tribus: Simuliini
Genus: Austrosimulium
Subgenera (2): Austrosimulium – Novaustrosimulium
Overview of species (31)

A. albovelatum – A. alveolatum – A. australense – A. bancrofti – A. bicorne – A. campbellense – A. colboi – A. cornutum – A. crassipes – A. dugdalei – A. dumbletoni – A. extendorum – A. fiordense – A. fulvicorne – A. furiosum – A. laticorne – A. longicorne – A. magnum – A. mirabile – A. montanum – A. multicorne – A. pestilens – A. stewartense – A. tillyardianum – A. tonnoiri – A. torrentium – A. ungulatum – A. unicorne – A. vailavoense – A. vexans – A. victoriae
Name

Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925

Type species: Simulium australense Schiner, 1868, fixed by original designation [see p. 230]

References
Primary references

Tonnoir, A.L. 1925: Australasian Simuliidae. Bulletin of entomological research 15(3): 213-255. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300046198 Paywall. BUGZ. Reference page. [first availability, see p. 230]

Additional references

Craig, D.A., Craig, R.E.G. & Crosby, T.K. 2012. Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera). Fauna of New Zealand, (68). 366pp. ISBN 978-0-478-34734-0 (print), ISBN 978-0-478-34735-7 (online). Online. Reference page.

Links

ZooBank: 7453D82A-D6CC-48AD-93F3-90A9D546B7E4

Austrosimulium is a genus of 31 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: Austrosimulium whose species are principally from New Zealand, and Novaustrosimulium which are exclusively Australian.[2] Austrosimulium is a sister genus to the monospecific Paraustrosimulium of South America.[3]

Some species are known to spread the protozoan blood parasite Leucocytozoon tawaki in penguins.[4][5][6]

In New Zealand, where they are known as sandflies, three species – A. australense, A. tillyardianum and A. ungulatum – bite humans.[7][8]
Species

Subgenus Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925
A. albovelatum Dumbleton, 1973
A. alveolatum Dumbleton, 1973[9]
A. australense (Schiner, 1868)[1]
A. bicorne Dumbleton, 1973
A. campbellense Dumbleton, 1973
A. cornutum Tonnoir, 1925
A. crassipes Tonnoir, 1925
A. dugdalei Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012[9]
A. dumbletoni Crosby, 1976[6]
A. extendorum Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012[9]
A. fiordense Dumbleton, 1973[9]
A. fulvicorne Mackerras & Mackerras, 1950
A. laticorne Tonnoir, 1925
A. longicorne Tonnoir, 1925
A. mirabile Mackerras & Mackerras, 1948
A. montanum Mackerras & Mackerras, 1952
A. multicorne Tonnoir, 1925
A. stewartense Dumbleton, 1973
A. tillyardianum Dumbleton, 1973
A. tonnoiri Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012[9]
A. ungulatum Tonnoir, 1925
A. unicorne Dumbleton, 1973
A. vailavoense Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012[9]
A. vexans (Mik, 1881)
Subgenus Novaustrosimulium Dumbleton, 1973
A. bancrofti (Taylor, 1918)
A. furiosum (Skuse, 1889)
A. magnum Mackerras & Mackerras, 1955
A. pestilens Mackerras & Mackerras, 1948
A. torrentium Tonnoir, 1925
A. victoriae (Roubaud, 1906)
Austrosimulium species as yet unplaced
A. colboi Davies & Györkös, 1988

Literature cited

Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. pp. 388pp., 4 pls.
Peter H. Adler & Roger W. Crosskey (2009). "World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory": 109.
Craig, D.A.; Craig, R.E.G.; Crosby, T.K. (2012). Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera). Fauna of New Zealand. Vol. 68. Manaaki Whenua Press. p. 11.
Douglas A. Craig & Trevor K. Crosby (2008). "Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. New Zealand: Magnolia Press. 1811: 57–68. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
A. M. Fallis; S. A. Bisset; F. R. Allison (1976). "Leucocytozoon tawaki n.sp. (Eucoccida: Leucocytozoidae) from the penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, and preliminary observations on its development in Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand. 3 (1): 11–16. doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517893.
T. K. Crosby (1976). "Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) dumbletoni n.sp. from New Zealand (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand. 3 (1): 17–19. doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517894.
Early, John (2009). Know your New Zealand ... native insects & spiders. New Holland. p. 120. ISBN 9781869662530.
Walrond, Carl (24 September 2007). "Sandflies and mosquitoes - Sandflies: New Zealand's blackflies". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Craig, D.A.; Craig, R.E.G.; Crosby, T.K. 2012: Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera). Fauna of New Zealand, (68)