Apterocyclus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Scarabaeiformia
Superfamilia: Scarabaeoidea

Familia: Lucanidae
Subfamilia: Lucaninae
Genus: Apterocyclus
Species (5): A. honoluluensis – A. kawaii – A. munroi – A. palmatus – A. waterhousei
Name

Apterocyclus Waterhouse, 1871

Type species: Apterocyclus honoluluensis Waterhouse, 1871\
Fixation: monotypy

Apterocyclus honoluluensis

References
Primary references

Waterhouse, C.O. 1871: On a new genus and species of Coleoptera belonging to the family Lucanidae, from the Sandwich Islands. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1871: 315-316. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Paulsen, M.J.; Hawks, D.C. 2014: A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 433: 77–88. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.433.8022 Reference page.
Arrow, G.J. 1943: On the genera and nomenclature of the lucanid Coleoptera, and descriptions of a few new species. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 12: 133–143.

Apterocyclus is a genus of rare stag beetles in the family Lucanidae. There are about five described species in Apterocyclus. The species of Apterocyclus are found only on the island of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, and are the only scarabaeoid beetles native to the Hawaiian Islands.[2][3][4][5]

The Apterocyclus are flightless stag beetles, ranging in size from 14 to 23 mm. There are five recently extant species, although some may now be extinct. More than 130 specimens of Apterocyclus were studied between 1871 and 1922, but very few specimens have been found and placed in institutional collections over the past 50 years. Only three of the five species have been confirmed living since the late 1960s (Apterocyclus honoluluensis, A. kawaii, and A. waterhousei).[5]

Based on subfossils from caves at low elevation, it appears that most species of Apterocyclus became extinct after the arrival of humans to Hawaii. Most of the extant species are now found at higher elevations, above 2,000 feet.[5][6]

Species

These five species belong to the genus Apterocyclus:

Apterocyclus honoluluensis Waterhouse, 1871 (Kauai flightless stag beetle)
Apterocyclus kawaii Paulsen & Hawks
Apterocyclus munroi Sharp, 1908
Apterocyclus palmatus Van Dyke, 1921
Apterocyclus waterhousei Sharp, 1908

References

Waterhouse, Charles O. (1871). "On a new genus and species of Coleoptera belonging to the family Lucanidae, from the Sandwich Islands". Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 19 (2): 315–316. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1871.tb01492.x.
"Apterocyclus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
"Apterocyclus". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
"Apterocyclus genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
Paulsen, M. J.; Hawks, David C. (2014). "A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species". ZooKeys (433): 77–88. doi:10.3897/zookeys.433.8022. PMC 4141180. PMID 25152674.

Elias, S.A. (2010). "Advances in Quaternary entomology". In van der Meer, J.J.M. (ed.). Developments in Quaternary Science. Developments in Quaternary Sciences. Vol. 12. Elsevier. pp. 1–304. doi:10.1016/S1571-0866(09)01225-1. ISBN 978-0-444-53424-8.