Apaturinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Apaturinae
Genera (20): Apatura - Apaturina - Apaturopsis - Asterocampa - Chitoria - Dilipa - Doxocopa - Euapatura - Eulaceura - Euripus - Helcyra - Herona - Hestina - Hestinalis - Mimathyma - Rohana - Sasakia - Sephisa - Thaleropis - Timelaea

Name

Apaturinae Boisduval, 1840

Type genus: Apatura Fabricius, 1807
Synonyms

Euripinae
Pseudergolinae

References

Genera et Index methodicus Europaeorum Lepidopterorum: 24
Harvey, D. J. 1991. Higher classification of the Nymphalidae, Appendix B. - In: Nijhout, H. F. (ed) The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns. Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 255–273. [1]
Koiwaya, S., 2003: A new species of the genus Helcyra Felder (Nymphalidae) from Laos. Futao 43: 2–5.
Lee, Y.J. 2009: Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: synonymic lists and keys to tribes, genera and species. Zootaxa, 2169: 1–20. Abstract & excerpt

Vernacular names
English: Emperors
suomi: Häiveperhoset
日本語: コムラサキ亜科
中文: 小紫蛺蝶亞科

The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called emperors.

Description

Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic underwing. A distinguishing character of the subfamily is the green proboscis. [1]

Doxocopa agathina with green proboscis

Genera

Apaturinae consists of 20 genera and shows separate distributions and uncommon host–plant associations. Most genera of this subfamily are found throughout South-East Asia and Africa, whereas the genera Doxocopa and Asterocampa are spread mainly in South America and North America.[2]

Apatura
Apaturina
Apaturopsis
Asterocampa
Chitoria
Dilipa
Doxocopa
Euapatura
Eulaceura
Euripus
Helcyra
Herona
Hestina
Hestinalis
Mimathyma
Rohana
Sasakia
Sephisa
Thaleropis
Timelaea

References

"NYMPHALIDAE - NYMPHALID BUTTERFLIES". FAUNA Paraguay.
Ohshima, I., Tanikawa-Dodo, Y., Saigusa, T., Nishiyama, T., Kitani, M., Hasebe, M., & Mohri, H. (2010). Phylogeny, biogeography, and host–plant association in the subfamily Apaturinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from eight nuclear and seven mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(3), 1026-1036. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.018