Idiopoidea

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Mygalomorphae
Superfamilia: Idiopoidea
Familie (1): Idiopidae
Vernacular names
català: Idiopoïdeu
English: Armored Trapdoor Spider

Idiopidae, also known as armored trapdoor spiders,[1] is a family of mygalomorph[2] spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889.[3] They have a large body similar to tarantulas.
Description

In most species the males have a spur on their legs, which is used to immobilise the female and prevent her from biting during the mating process. Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. Prothemenops siamensis from Thailand, which is about 2 cm long, builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rainforest. Each burrow has two or three entrances that lead into a main tube. Its lateral posterior spinnerets are elongated.[4]

The oldest known idiopid, Number 16, died at the age of 43 years.[5]
Gender
Main article: List of Idiopidae species

As of 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[6]

Arbanitis L. Koch, 1874 — Australia
Blakistonia Hogg, 1902 — Australia
Bungulla Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia
Cantuaria Hogg, 1902 — New Zealand, Australia
Cataxia Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
Ctenolophus Purcell, 1904 — South Africa
Eucanippe Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017
Eucyrtops Pocock, 1897 — Australia
Euoplos Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
Gaius Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
Galeosoma Purcell, 1903 — South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana
Genysa Simon, 1889 — Madagascar
Gorgyrella Purcell, 1902 — Zimbabwe, Tanzania, South Africa
Heligmomerus Simon, 1892 — Africa, Asia
Hiboka Fage, 1922 — Madagascar
Idiops Perty, 1833 — South America, Africa, Asia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Idiosoma Ausserer, 1871 — Australia
Neocteniza Pocock, 1895 — Central America, South America
Prothemenops Schwendinger, 1991 — Thailand
Scalidognathus Karsch, 1892 — India, Sri Lanka
Segregara Tucker, 1917 — South Africa
Titanidiops Simon, 1903 — Morocco

See also

List of Idiopidae species

References

American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids (2003). Common Names of Arachnids (PDF) (Report) (Fifth ed.).
Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182.
Simon, E. (1889). Arachnides.
Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). "An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia". Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur.
Leanda Denise Mason; Grant Wardell-Johnson; Barbara York Main (2018). "The longest-lived spider: mygalomorphs dig deep, and persevere". Pacific Conservation Biology. 24 (2): 203. doi:10.1071/PC18015.
"Family: Idiopidae Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.