Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Subclassis: Acari
Superordo: Parasitiformes
Subordo: Holothyrida
Familiae (3): Allothyridae – Holothyridae – Neothyridae
Name
Holothryida Thon, 1909
References
Additional references
Beaulieu, F. et al. 2011. Superorder Parasitiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 123–128. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 (online edition) PDF
Lehtinen, P.T. 1995. Revision of the Old World Holothyridae (Arachnida: Anactinotrichida: Holothyrina). Invertebrate Taxonomy 9(4): 767–826. DOI: 10.1071/IT9950767
The Holothyrida are a small order of mites in the superorder Parasitiformes. No fossils are known. With body lengths of more than 2 mm (3⁄32 in) they are relatively large mites, with a heavily sclerotized body. They mainly feed on the body fluids of dead arthropods. This was possibly the common way of feeding for ticks before they adapted for feeding on the blood of live animals.[1]
Although only 25 species are currently described, many others have been collected.
The order has a distribution largely confined to former Gondwanan landmasses. They are likely the sister group to Ixodida (ticks).[2]
Systematics
Allothyridae
Allothyridae van der Hammen, 1972 — Australia
Allothyrus van der Hammen, 1961
Allothyrus australasiae (Womersley, 1935)
Allothyrus constrictus (Domrow, 1955)
Australothyrus van der Hammen, 1983
Australothyrus ocellatus van der Hammen, 1983
Holothyridae
Holothyridae Thorell, 1882 Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean islands, New Guinea, New Caledonia
Sternothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
Sternothyrus braueri (Thon, 1905) — Seychelles
Lindothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
Lindothyrus elongatus Lehtinen, 1995 — Lord Howe Island
Lindothyrus rubellus Lehtinen, 1995 — New Caledonia
Indothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
Indothyrus greeni Lehtinen, 1995 — Sri Lanka
Haplothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
Haplothyrus expolitissimus (Berlese, 1924) — New Caledonia
Haplothyrus hyatti Lehtinen, 1995 — unknown locality
Holothyrus Gervais, 1842 — Mauritius
Holothyrus coccinella Gervais, 1842
Holothyrus legendrei Hammen, 1983
Hammenius Lehtinen, 1981
Hammenius armatus (Canestrini, 1897) — Tamara Island (Aitape): New Guinea
Hammenius berlesei (Lehtinen, 1995) — New Guinea
Hammenius braueri (Thon, 1906)
Hammenius fujuge Lehtinen, 1981 — New Guinea (Central District, Oro Province)
Hammenius grandjeani (Hammen, 1961) — Mount Bosavi: New Guinea
Hammenius holthuisi van der Hammen, 1983
Hammenius ingii Lehtinen, 1981 — New Guinea
Hammenius insularis Lehtinen, 1995 — Louisiade Archipelago: New Guinea
Hammenius longipes (Thorell, 1882) — Fly River, New Guinea (?)
Hammenius mendi (Lehtinen, 1995) — Strickland River: New Guinea
Hammenius montanus Hammen, 1983 — Irian Jaya
Hammenius niger (Thon, 1906)
Neothyridae
Neothyridae Lehtinen, 1981 Caribbean, northern South America
Diplothyrus Lehtinen, 1999
Diplothyrus schubarti Lehtinen, 1999
Neothyrus Lehtinen, 1981
Neothyrus ana Lehtinen, 1981
Footnotes
Walter & Proctor 1998
Dobson & Barker 1999
References
Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Holothyrida
Bruce Halliday: Order Holothyrida
Lehtinen, Pekka T. (1995): Revision of the old world Holothyridae (Arachnida : Anactinotrichida : Holothyrina). Invertebrate Taxonomy 9(4): 767-826. doi:10.1071/IT9950767
Walter, D. E. & Proctor, H. C. (1998): Feeding behaviour and phylogeny: observations on early derivative Acari. Exp. Appl. Acarol 22: 39-50.
Dobson, S. J. & Barker, S. C. (1999): Phylogeny of the hard ticks (Ixodidae) inferred from 18S rRNA indicates that the genus Aponomma is paraphyletic. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol 11: 288-295 PMID 10191073
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