Heterocarpus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Malacostraca
Subclassis: Eumalacostraca
Superordo: Eucarida
Ordo: Decapoda
Subordo: Pleocyemata
Infraordo: Caridea
Superfamilia: Pandaloidea

Familia: Pandalidae
Genus: Heterocarpus
Species: H. abulbus – H. affinis – H. agassizi – H. amacula – H. calmani – H. chani – H. corona – H. cutressi – H. dorsalis – H. ensifer – H. fascirostratus – H. gibbosus – H. grimaldii – H. hayashii – H. hostilis – H. inopinatus – H. intermedius – H. laevigatus – H. lepidus – H. longirostris – H. nasicus – H. oryx – H. parvispina – H. reedi – H. sibogae – H. signatus – H. tenuidentatus – H. tricarinatus – H. vicarius – H. woodmasoni
Name

Heterocarpus Milne-Edwards, 1881: 8

Type species: Heterocarpus ensifer Milne-Edwards, 1881 (monotypy)
References
Primary references

Milne-Edwards, A. 1881. Description de quelques crustacés macroures provenant des grandes profondeurs de la Mer des Antilles. Annales des sciences naturelles. Zoologie et paléontologie, ser. 6. 11(4): 1–16. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Jiang, G.-C., Chan, T.-Y. & Shih, T.-W. 2014. Morphology of the first zoeal stage of three deep-water pandalid shrimps, Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010, H. hayashii Crosnier, 1988 and H. sibogae De Man, 1917 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Zootaxa 3768(4): 428–436. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.2 Reference page.
Jiang, G-C. & Chan, T-Y. 2021. Morphology of the first three zoeal stages of the deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpus fascirostratus Yang, Chan & Kumar, 2018 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae). Zookeys 1042: 23–34. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1042.64407 Open access Reference page.
Yang, C-h.; Chan, T-y.; Chu, K.H. 2010: Two new species of the “Heterocarpus gibbosus Bate, 1888” species group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the western Pacific and north-western Australia. Pp. 206-220 in De Grave, S.; Fransen, C.H.J.M. (eds.): Contributions to shrimp taxonomy. Zootaxa, 2372: 1–414. Preview
Yang, C-H., Biju Kumar, A. & Chan, T-Y. 2017. Further records of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus chani Li, 2006 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) from southern India. ZooKeys 685: 151—159. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.685.13398. Reference page.

Links

Heterocarpus in the World Register of Marine Species

Heterocarpus is a genus of deep-sea shrimp, mainly of tropical areas all over the world.
Description

Heterocarpus is characterised by the highly unequal second pair of pereiopods: one side is long and thin and the other is short but stronger, besides the carapace with one or more longitudinal carinae.[1][2]
Species

So far, 30 species have been described for this genus, Heterocarpus ensifer being the type species. The described species of this genus are:

Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010
Heterocarpus affins Faxon, 1893
Heterocarpus alexandri A. Milne-Edwards, 1883
Heterocarpus amacula Crosnier, 1988
Heterocarpus calmani Crosnier, 1988
Heterocarpus chani Li, 2006
Heterocarpus corona Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010
Heterocarpus cutressi Monterossa, 1988
Heterocarpus dorsalis Bate, 1888
Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne-Edwards, 1881
Heterocarpus inopinatus Tavares, 1999
Heterocarpus intermedius Crosnier, 1999
Heterocarpus gibbosus Bate, 1888
Heterocarpus grimaldii A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900
Heterocarpus hayashii Crosnier, 1988
Heterocarpus hostilis Faxon, 1893
Heterocarpus laevigatus Bate, 1888
Heterocarpus lepidus De Man, 1917
Heterocarpus longirostris McGilchrist, 1905
Heterocarpus neisi Burukovsky, 1986
Heterocarpus oryx A. Milne-Edwards, 1881
Heterocarpus parvispina Crosnier, 1988
Heterocarpus reedi Bahamondi, 1955
Heterocarpus sibogae De Man, 1917
Heterocarpus signatus Rathbun, 1906
Heterocarpus tenuidentatus Crosnier, 2006
Heterocarpus tricarinatus Alcock & Anderson, 1894
Heterocarpus unicarinatus Borradeile, 1915
Heterocarpus woodmasoni Alcock, 1901
Heterocarpus vicarius Faxon, 1893

Ecology
Heterocarpus ensifer close-up and after "vomiting" or "spitting" bioluminescent fluid.

Many Heterocarpus shrimp are known for using bioluminescence as a defense, spitting it on predators.[3] Studies about their feeding habits,[4] and the fact that they may be found in the stomach contents of some pelagic sharks[5] and other fishes[6] is interpreted as they have benthic habits, but they do migrations to the water column at night. Some species of this genus have high fishery potential, such as H. reedi [7] and H. laevigatus.[8]
References

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Fenner A. Chace, Jr. (1985). "The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 411 (411): 1–143. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.411.
Alain Crosnier (1988). "Sur les Heterocarpus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae) du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Remarques sur d'autres espèces ouest-pacifiques du genre et description de quatre taxa nouveaux". Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. 4ème série. 10 (A 1): 57–103.
B. K. K. Chan; I. C. Lin; T. W. Shih; T. Y. Chan (2008). "Bioluminescent emissions of the deep-water pandalid shrimp, Heterocarpus sibogae De Man, 1917 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) under laboratory conditions". Crustaceana. 81 (3): 341–350. doi:10.1163/156854008783564064.
S. F. Rainer (1992). "Diet of prawns from the continental slope of north-western Australia". Bulletin of Marine Science. 50 (2): 258–274.
Teodoro Vaske Júnior; Carolus Maria Vooren; Rosangela Paula Lessa (2009). "Feeding strategy of the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) and the scalloped hammershark (Sphyruna lewini) near seamounts off northeastern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Oceanography. 57 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1590/S1679-87592009000200002.
M. G. King (1984). "The species and depth distribution of deepwater caridean shrimps (Decapoda, Caridea) near some Southwest Pacific islands". Crustaceana. 47 (2): 174–191. doi:10.1163/156854084X00405. JSTOR 20103973. S2CID 84728160.
P. E. Pérez (2007). "An economic analysis of the Heterocarpus reedi and Cervimunida johni fisheries off northern-central Chile, from 1997 to 2000". Investigaciones Marinas. 35 (2): 45–52. doi:10.4067/S0717-71782007000200005.
Stephen Ralston (1986). "An intensive fishing experiment for the caridean shrimp, Heterocarpus laevigatus, at Alamagan Island in the Mariana archipelago" (PDF). Fishery Bulletin. 84 (4): 927–934.