Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Opiliones
Subordo: Eupnoi
Superfamilia: Caddoidea
Familia: Caddidae
Genera (1): Caddo
Name
Caddidae Banks, 1892
References
Groh, S.A. & Giribet, G. 2014. Polyphyly of Caddoidea, reinstatement of the family Acropsopilionidae in Dyspnoi, and a revised classification system of Palpatores (Arachnida, Opiliones). Cladistics, DOI: 10.1111/cla.12087 Reference page.
Caddidae is a family of harvestmen arachnids with 15 known species, the only family of the Eupnoi superfamily Caddoidea.
They have mostly a body length between one and three millimeters.[1]
Distribution
Caddids are widely but discontinuously distributed. In the subfamily Caddinae, Caddella is endemic to southern South Africa, while Caddo is found in eastern North America and Japan with the Kuril Islands. In the other subfamily, Acropsopilioninae, Hesperopilio occurs in western Australia and Chile, Acropsopilio is found in Japan, eastern North America, Central to South America, eastern Australia and New Zealand. Austropsopilio is found in eastern Australia, Tasmania and Chile. This complex pattern suggests that separation occurred in several steps: during the Neogene (eastern North America and Japan); at the beginning or before the Tertiary (South America and Australia), and during the time of Gondwana (Africa and Australia).[1]
Name
The family name is derived from "Caddo", a North American indigenous culture, people and language.[1]
Species
Caddinae Banks, 1892
Caddella Hirst, 1925 (South Africa)
Caddella africana (Lawrence, 1931)
Caddella capensis Hirst, 1925
Caddella croeseri Starega, 1988
Caddella spatulipilis Lawrence, 1934
Caddella spatulipilis Lawrence, 1934
Caddella caledonica Lawrence, 1934
Caddo Banks, 1892 (eastern North America, Japan)
Caddo agilis Banks, 1892 (New York)
Caddo pepperella Shear, 1974
† Caddo dentipalpis (Koch & Berendt) (fossil)
Caddo glaucopis Crosby, 1904 (New York)
Acropsopilioninae Roewer, 1923
Hesperopilio Shear, 1996 (Western Australia, Chile)
Hesperopilio mainae Shear, 1996
Acropsopilio Silvestri, 1904 (Japan, eastern North America, Central to South America, eastern Australia, Chile)
Acropsopilio chilensis Silvestri, 1904 (Chile, Tierra del Fuego)
Acropsopilio boopsis (Crosby, 1904) (New York)
Acropsopilio chomulae (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948) (Mexico)
Acropsopilio neozealandiae (Forster, 1948) (New Zealand)
Acropsopilio australicus Cantrell, 1980 (Queensland)
Acropsopilio normae Cekalovic, 1974
Acropsopilio venezuelensis González-Sponga, 1992 (Venezuela)
Austropsopilio Forster, 1955 (eastern Australia, Tasmania, Chile)
Austropsopilio altus Cantrell, 1980 (New South Wales)
Austropsopilio inermis Cantrell, 1980 (New South Wales)
Austropsopilio cygneus Hickman, 1957
Austropsopilio novahollandiae Forster, 1955
Tasmanopilio Hickman, 1957 (Tasmania)
Tasmanopilio fuscus Hickman, 1957
Tasmanopilio megalops Hickman, 1957
Footnotes
Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo & Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Caddidae Banks, 1893. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al.. 2007: 115ff
References
Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Caddidae
Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9
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