Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Mygalomorphae
Superfamilia: Atypoidea
Familia: Atypidae
Genus: Atypus
Species: A. affinis – A. baotianmanensis – A. baotingensis – A. coreanus – A. dorsualis – A. flexus – A. formosensis – A. heterothecus – A. javanus – A. jianfengensis – A. karschi – A. lannaianus – A. largosaccatus – A. ledongensis – A. magnus – A. medius – A. minuta – A. muralis – A. pedicellatus – A. piceus – A. quelpartensis – A. sacculatus – A. sinensis – A. snetsingeri – A. sternosulcus – A. suiningensis – A. suthepicus – A. sutherlandi – A. suwonensis – A. tibetensis – A. wataribabaorum – A. yajuni
Name
Atypus Latreille, 1804
Type species: Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776)
Synonyms
Proatypus Miller, 1947
References
Latreille, P.A. 1804. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des crustacés et des insectes. 12: 1–424. F. Dufart (Paris). BHL Reference page.
Lee, S.Y.; Lee, J.H.; Yoo, J.S.; Kim, S.T. 2015: A new species of the genus Atypus Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Atypidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 3915(1): 139–142. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.1.8. Reference page.
Li, F., Xu, X., Zhang, Z-T., Liu, F-X., Zhang, H-L. & Li, D-Q. 2018. Two new species of the purse-web spider genus Atypus Latreille, 1804 from Hainan Island, China (Araneae, Atypidae). ZooKeys 762: 47–57. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.762.23282. Open access. Reference page.
Links
Platnick, N. I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. [1]
Vernacular names
English: Atypus
日本語: ジグモ属
한국어: 땅거미속
Atypus, also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804.[3] It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (A. affinis) reaching into North Africa, and one species (A. snetsingeri) in the USA. Only three of the described species occur in Europe: A. piceus, A. affinis, and A. muralis.[1]
Peasants in the southern Carpathian Mountains used to cut up tubes built by Atypus and cover wounds with the inner lining. It reportedly facilitated healing, and even connected with the skin. This is believed to be due to antiseptic properties of spider silk (which is made of protein).[4]
Identification features
They are three-clawed, medium to large spiders with eight eyes. They have six spinnerets with the median spinneret truncated. The prolateral sides of the maxillae are elongated. The cephalic side of the cephalothorax is elevated. They have large chelicerae with long and thin fangs. The male sternum has marginal ridges.[5]
Species
As of November 2022 it contains 33 species:[1]
Atypus affinis Eichwald, 1830 – Europe (Britain to Ukraine), North Africa
Atypus baotianmanensis Hu, 1994 – China
Atypus baotingensis Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang & Li, 2018 – China (Hainan)
Atypus coreanus Kim, 1985 – Korea
Atypus dorsualis Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar, Thailand
Atypus flexus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
Atypus formosensis Kayashima, 1943 – Taiwan
Atypus heterothecus Zhang, 1985 – China
Atypus javanus Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Java)
Atypus jianfengensis Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang & Li, 2018 – China (Hainan)
Atypus karschi Dönitz, 1887 – China, Taiwan, Japan
Atypus lannaianus Schwendinger, 1989 – Thailand
Atypus largosaccatus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
Atypus ledongensis Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
Atypus magnus Namkung, 1986 – Russia (Far East), Korea
Atypus medius Oliger, 1999 – Russia (Far East)
Atypus minutus Lee, Lee, Yoo & Kim, 2015 – Korea
Atypus muralis Bertkau, 1890 – Central Europe to Iran and Turkmenistan
Atypus pedicellatus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776) (type) – Europe (France to Russia), Iran
Atypus quelpartensis Namkung, 2002 – Korea
Atypus sacculatus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
Atypus seogwipoensis Kim, Ye & Noh, 2015 – Korea
Atypus sinensis Schenkel, 1953 – China
Atypus sternosulcus Kim, Kim, Jung & Lee, 2006 – Korea
Atypus suiningensis Zhang, 1985 – China
Atypus suthepicus Schwendinger, 1989 – Thailand
Atypus sutherlandi Chennappaiya, 1935 – India
Atypus suwonensis Kim, Kim, Jung & Lee, 2006 – Korea
Atypus tibetensis Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
Atypus wataribabaorum Tanikawa, 2006 – Japan
Atypus wii Siliwal, Kumar & Raven, 2014 – India
Atypus yajuni Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
References
"Gen. Atypus Latreille, 1804". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
Kraus, O.; Baur, H. (1974). "Die Atypidae der West-Paläarktis: Systematik, Verbreitung und Biologie (Arach. : Araneae)". Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (N.F.). 17: 88.
Latreille, P. A. (1804). "Tableau methodique des Insectes". Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 24: 129–295.
Heimer, Stefan (1988). Wunderbare Welt der Spinnen (in German). Urania. p. 14. ISBN 3332002104.
Sebastin, P.A.; Peter, K.V., eds. (2009). Spiders of India. Universities Press. ISBN 978-81-7371-641-6.
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