Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Mygalomorphae
Superfamilia: Atypoidea
Familia: Antrodiaetidae
Genus: Aliatypus
Species: A. aquilonius – A. californicus – A. coylei – A. erebus – A. gnomus – A. gulosus – A. isolatus – A. janus – A. plutonis – A. thompsoni – A. torridus – A. trophonius
Name
Aliatypus Smith, 1908
References
Hedin, M.; Carlson, D. 2011: A new trapdoor spider species from the southern Coast Ranges of California (Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus coylei, sp. nov,), including consideration of mitochondrial phylogeographic structuring. Zootaxa, 2963: 55–68. Preview PDF
Links
The World Spider Catalog, V7.0"
Aliatypus is a genus of North American folding trapdoor spiders first described by C. P. Smith in 1908.[2] They resemble members of Ctenizidae in morphology and behavior, but this is due to convergent evolution rather than direct relation.[3] They are most closely related to members of Antrodiaetus, which build collar doors. It is likely that the shift from using collar doors to using trapdoors is what allowed them to survive in hot, dry conditions where their closest relatives could not.[4]
Often found in roadside banks or ravines, they build a burrow perpendicular to the surface with a wafer-like trapdoor entrance to catch prey. Burrows are often clustered together, sometimes quite densely in more favorable positions.[4]
They are native to the western United States,[3] where the complex landscape creates pockets of isolated species limited to small regions. As one of the most abundant genera of trapdoor spiders in California, it is argued that their sedentary lifestyle and limited dispersal could benefit studies in the biogeography of California and the surrounding regions.[5]
Species
As of April 2019 it contains fourteen species, all found in the southwestern United States:[1]
Aliatypus aquilonius Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus californicus (Banks, 1896) – USA
Aliatypus coylei Hedin & Carlson, 2011 – USA
Aliatypus erebus Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus gnomus Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus gulosus Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus isolatus Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus janus Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus plutonis Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus roxxiae Satler & Hedin, 2013 – USA
Aliatypus starretti Satler & Hedin, 2013 – USA
Aliatypus thompsoni Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus torridus Coyle, 1974 – USA
Aliatypus trophonius Coyle, 1974 – USA
References
"Gen. Aliatypus Smith, 1908". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
Smith, C. P. (1908). "A preliminary study of the Araneae Theraphosidae of California". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 1 (4): 207–236. doi:10.1093/aesa/1.4.207.
Coyle, F. A. (1974). "Systematics of the trapdoor spider genus Aliatypus (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 81 (3–4): 431–500. doi:10.1155/1974/69634.
Coyle, F.A.; W.R., Icenogle (1994). "Natural history of the California trapdoor spider genus Aliatypus (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 22: 225–255.
Satler J, J Starrett; C Hayashi, M Hedin. (2011-09-26). "Inferring species trees from gene trees in a radiation of California trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus)". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e25355. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625355S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025355. PMC 3180454. PMID 21966507.
Further reading
Coyle, F. A. (1971). "Systematics and natural history of the mygalomorph spider genus Antrodiaetus and related genera (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 141: 269–402.
Satler, J. D.; Carstens, B. C.; Hedin, M. (2013). "Multilocus species delimitation in a complex of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus)". Systematic Biology. 62 (6): 805–823. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syt041. PMID 23771888.
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