Acetes

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Malacostraca
Subclassis: Eumalacostraca
Superordo: Eucarida
Ordo: Decapoda
Subordo: Dendrobranchiata
Superfamilia: Sergestoidea

Familia: Sergestidae
Genus: Acetes

Name

Acetes Milne Edwards, 1830

Type species: (by monotypy) Acetes indicus Milne Edwards, 1830
Vernacular names
Bahasa Indonesia: rebon
Bahasa Melayu: udang geragau
Sunda: ᮛᮩᮘᮧᮔ᮪ (rebon; reubon)
References
Ann. Sci. nat., Paris (1) 19: 350

Acetes is a genus of small shrimp that resemble krill, which is native to the western and central Indo-Pacific, the Atlantic coast of the Americas, Pacific coast of South America and inland waters of South America. Although most are from marine or estuarine habitats, the South American A. paraguayensis is a fresh water species.[1] Several of its species are important for the production of shrimp paste in Southeast Asia, including A. japonicus, which is the world's most heavily fished species of wild shrimp or prawn in terms of total tonnage.[2]

In Southeast Asia, Acetes have different local names depending on the country. It is known as rebon in Indonesia, geragau in Malaysia, bubuk in Brunei, alamang in the Philippines, among others.
Description

The genus is characterised by the loss of the fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopods.[3][4] They are small prawns, 1–4 centimetres (0.39–1.57 in) long, translucent, but with a pair of black eyes, and a number of red spots of pigment on the uropods.[4]
Life cycle

The eggs of Acetes are green. As they develop, they swell to twice their original size or more.[5] The eggs hatch early in the year, and the larvae grow, mature and spawn in the same year.[6]
Taxonomy
Shrimp paste drying below the Kap Shui Mun Bridge, Hong Kong

It includes 14 species,[7] which are listed here with their FAO endorsed common names:[8]

Acetes americanus Ortmann, 1893 – aviu shrimp
Acetes binghami Burkenroad, 1934
Acetes chinensis Hansen, 1919 – northern mauxia shrimp
Acetes erythraeus Nobili, 1905 – tsivakihini paste shrimp
Acetes indicus H. Milne-Edwards, 1830 – Jawala paste shrimp
Acetes intermedius Omori, 1975 – Taiwan mauxia shrimp
Acetes japonicus Kishinouye, 1905 – akiami paste shrimp
Acetes johni Nataraj, 1947
Acetes marinus Omori, 1975
Acetes natalensis Barnard, 1950
Acetes paraguayensis Hansen, 1919
Acetes serrulatus (Krøyer, 1859) – southern mauxia shrimp
Acetes sibogae Hansen, 1919 – alamang shrimp
Acetes vulgaris Hansen, 1919 – jembret shrimp

Fishery

Many species of Acetes are fished for commercially, and the different species are often not discriminated. Acetes are the most fished genus of crustacean, with global production in 2008 of 558,124 tonnes (1.23×109 lb).[9] Fishers mostly use push nets and bag nets, as well as seines both on boats and from the shore.
Preparation

Only a small proportion of the entire catch is sold fresh, with most of it being dried, salted or fermented.[4] The caught prawns are washed and then mixed with 4–5 pounds (1.8–2.3 kg) of salt per 100 lb (45 kg) of prawns. The prawns are then crushed using cleavers and packed into various containers, where the paste remains for around 4 hours. After this, the paste is re-packed, before being left to mature for a month, after which it is mixed and crushed again, and then packed for sale. If a producer cannot sell the paste quickly, it can be kept for up to 6 months, mincing it every month or so.[10] The resulting paste is reported to contain 16.2% protein and 1.3% fat.[11]
See also

Shrimp fishery
Shrimp paste

References

Vereshchaka, A.L.; A.A. Lunina & J. Olesen (2016). "Phylogeny and classification of the shrimp genera Acetes, Peisos, and Sicyonella (Sergestidae: Crustacea: Decapoda)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 353–377. doi:10.1111/zoj.12371.
FAO (2021). FAO Yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2019. Rome: FAO.
David C. Judkins & Brian Kensley (2008). "New genera in the family Sergestidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidea)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 121 (1): 72–84. doi:10.2988/06-26.1. S2CID 85608728.
W. Fischer & G. Bianchi, eds. (1984). Western Indian Ocean: Fishing Area 51 (PDF). FAO Species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Vol. 5. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Makoto Omori (1975). "The biology of pelagic shrimps in the ocean". In Frederick Stratten Russell & Maurice Yonge (ed.). Advances in Marine Biology. Volume 12. Academic Press. pp. 233–324. ISBN 978-0-12-026112-3.
Chiaki Koizumi (2001). "Ecology of prawns and shrimps". Prawns of Japan and the World. CRC Press. pp. 29–73. ISBN 978-90-5410-769-9.
WoRMS (2010). "Acetes H. Milne-Edwards, 1830". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
Lipke B. Holthuis (1980). "Superfamily Sergestoidea". Vol. 1 - Shrimps and prawns of the world. An Annotated Catalogue of Species of Interest to Fisheries. FAO Species Catalogue. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. ISBN 92-5-100896-5.
"Acetes sp. (Kishinouye, 1905)". Species Fact Sheets. Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
Keith H. Steinkraus (1996). "Indigenous Amino Acid / Peptide Sauces and Pastes with Meatlike Flavors". Handbook of indigenous fermented foods. Volume 73 of Food science and technology (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 509–654. ISBN 978-0-8247-9352-4.
Torry Research Station (1989). "Akiami paste shrimp". Yield and nutritional value of the commercially more important fish species. Volume 309 of FAO fisheries technical paper. Food and Agriculture Organization. p. 23. ISBN 978-92-5-102870-4.