Volkameria

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Ajugoideae
Genus: Volkameria
Species: V. acerbiana – V. aculeata – V. aggregata – V. eriophylla – V. glabra – V. heterophylla – V. inermis – V. ligustrina – V. mollis – V. pittieri
Name

Volkameria L., Sp. Pl.2: 637 (1753) (1753)
Type species: V. aculeata L.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Douglassia Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. (1754), nom. rej., versus Douglasia Lindl. (1827), nom. cons.

Heterotypic
Cornacchinia Savi, Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. 21: 184 (1837)
Huxleya Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, ser. 2, 25: 109. (1912)
Type species: H. linifolia Ewart & B.Rees

Note:

Homonym
Volkameria P.Browne (1756) = Clethra L.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 637.
Yuan, Y.W., Mabberley, D.J., Steane, D.A. & Olmstead, R.G. 2010. Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy. Taxon 59(1): 125–133.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2014. Volkameria in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 June 2. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Volkameria. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 June 2.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Volkameria. Published online. Accessed: June 2 2014.

Volkameria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.[2][3] Many of the species are found in coastal habitats.

The species of Volkameria are mostly shrubs, sometimes subshrubs or lianas, rarely small trees. The stems have swollen nodes. The flowers are usually fragrant. The fruit matures black or brown, separating into four corky pyrenes.

Volkameria aculeata and Volkameria glabra are grown as ornamentals in the tropics.[4] Volkameria heterophylla is also known in cultivation.[5] Volkameria inermis is planted as a sand binder.[6]

Species[2]

Volkameria acerbiana Vis. - northeastern Africa from Egypt to Tanzania and west to Chad; also Guinea-Bissau + Gambia in West Africa
Volkameria aculeata L. - West Indies, northern South America, Honduras, Veracruz State in eastern Mexico
Volkameria aggregata(Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Madagascar
Volkameria eriophylla (Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - eastern + southern Africa from Tanzania to Namibia
Volkameria glabra (E.Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - western + southern Africa from South Africa to Somalia; Seychelles, Comoros
Volkameria heterophylla Poir. - Mauritius, Réunion; naturalized in India, Madagascar, Australia
Volkameria inermis L. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Australia, Pacific Islands
Volkameria ligustrina Jacq. - Mexico, Central America
Volkameria mollis (Kunth) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Galápagos
Volkameria pittieri (Moldenke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador

History

Volkameria was named by Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753.[7] According to OED the genus was named after Johann Georg Volckamer (1616-1693), a German botanist, though other sources give credit to his son, Johann Georg Volckamer, the Younger (1662-1744),[8][9] or to Johann Christoph Volkamer (1644-1720), another German botanist.

In 1895, John Isaac Briquet defined the genus Clerodendrum broadly, to include all of those species now placed in Rotheca, Clerodendrum, Volkameria, and Ovieda.[10] This was considered questionable by many, but for the next 100 years, Briquet's circumscription was usually followed, mostly because of confusion and uncertainty regarding this group of at least 200 species.[3]

In 2010, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences showed that most of the Clerodendrum species that had been in Volkameria were more closely related to Aegiphila, Ovieda, Tetraclea, and Amasonia than to other species of Clerodendrum.[3] (See the phylogenetic tree at Lamiaceae). Following these results, Volkameria was reinstated. Some species that had been erroneously placed in Volkameria were excluded. Some of the poorly known species in Clerodendrum might still need to be transferred to Volkameria.

References

Volkameria In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59(1):125-133.
George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005)
Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York.
David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
Volkameria page 637. In: Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum volume 2. Laurentii Salvii.
Carolus Linnaeus. 1737. Critica Botanica page 95
Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume IV, page 2809. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8 (set). (see External links below).
John Isaac Briquet. 1895. "Clerodendrum" pages 174-176. In: "Verbenaceae" pages 132-182. In: Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien volume IV, part 3a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.