Monnina

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Polygalaceae
Tribus: Polygaleae
Genus: Monnina
Name

Monnina Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 169(–171). 1798.

Type species: Monnina polystachya Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 171. 1798. – Lectotype designated by Blake (1924), p. 374.

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Hebeandra Bonpl., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 40(–41). 1808.
Type species: Hebeandra hirta Bonpl., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 43. 1808. – Lectotype designated by Eriksen (2000), p. 25.
Monnina sect. Pterocarya DC., Prodr. 1: 340. 1824.
Type species: Monnina pterocarpa Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 174. 1798. – Lectotype designated by Eriksen (1993), p. 193.
Monnina subg. Monninopsis Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier 3(10): 539(–540). 1895.
Monnina subg. Pterocarya (DC.) Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4(4): 251. 1896.
Ancylotropis B.Eriksen, Pl. Syst. Evol. 186(1–2): 48. 1993.
Type species: Ancylotropis insignis (A.W.Benn.) B.Eriksen, Pl. Syst. Evol. 186(1–2): 49. 1993.
Pteromonnina B.Eriksen, Pl. Syst. Evol. 186(1–2): 49. 1993.
Type species: Pteromonnina pterocarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) B.Eriksen, Pl. Syst. Evol. 186(1–2): 50. 1993.

Overview of species
Accepted species

M. acuminata – M. acutifolia – M. aestuans – M. alatodrupacea – M. alinae – M. amarella – M. amplibracteata – M. andina – M. andreana – M. arbutus – M. autraniana – M. boliviana – M. boliviensis – M. bonplandiana – M. bracteata – M. bridgesii – M. buchtienii – M. cacumina – M. callimorpha – M. canescens – M. cardiocarpa – M. carmelensis – M. celastroides – M. cestrifolia – M. chimborazeana – M. chlamydantha – M. chodatiana – M. ciliolata – M. cladostachya – M. clarkeana – M. colombiana – M. conferta – M. confusa – M. connectisepala – M. coriacea – M. costaricensis – M. crassifolia – M. crassinervia – M. crepinii – M. cuatrecasasii – M. cuneata – M. cyanea – M. decurrens – M. densa – M. densecomata – M. denticulata – M. dictyocarpa – M. dugandiana – M. ebracteata – M. elongata – M. equatoriensis – M. erecta – M. exalata – M. fastigiata – M. ferreyrae – M. filifolia – M. fosbergii – M. franchetii – M. glaberrima – M. glabrifolia – M. goiana – M. gracilis – M. grandifolia – M. guatemalensis – M. hassleri – M. haughtii – M. herbacea – M. herrerae – M. herzogii – M. hirta – M. hirtella – M. idroboana – M. insignis – M. itapoanensis – M. latifolia – M. latisepala – M. laureola – M. lechleriana – M. leptostachya – M. ligustrina – M. linearifolia – M. lorenziana – M. loxensis – M. macbridei – M. macroclada – M. macrosepala – M. macrostachya – M. malmeana – M. marginata – M. mathusiana – M. membranifolia – M. menthoides – M. meridensis – M. mollis – M. myrtoides – M. neurophylla – M. nitida – M. oblanceolata – M. oblongifolia – M. obovata – M. ovata – M. pachycoma – M. padifolia – M. parasylvatica – M. parviflora – M. parvifolia – M. pavonii – M. pearcei – M. pennellii – M. peruviana – M. philippiana – M. phillyreoides – M. pichinchensis – M. pittieri – M. polygonoides – M. polystachya – M. pseudopilosa – M. pseudopolystachya – M. pseudosalicifolia – M. pseudostipulata – M. pterocarpa – M. pubescens – M. pulchra – M. pumila – M. pycnophylla – M. ramosa – M. resedoides – M. reticulata – M. richardiana – M. rugosa – M. ruiziana – M. rusbyi – M. salicifolia – M. sandemanii – M. sanmarcosana – M. santamartensis – M. saprogena – M. schultesii – M. smithii – M. sodiroana – M. solandrifolia – M. soukupiana – M. speciosa – M. splendens – M. stenophylla – M. steyermarkii – M. stipulata – M. subscandens – M. subserrata – M. subspeciosa – M. sylvatica – M. sylvicola – M. tatei – M. tenuifolia – M. tomentella – M. tristaniana – M. valcarceliana – M. vargasii – M. venezuelensis – M. vitis-idaea – M. weddelliana – M. woytkowskii – M. wrightii – M. wurdackii – M. xalapensis
Source(s) of checklist:
List based on accepted species according to checklists from Mexico, Mesoamerica, Antioquia (Colombia), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, the Guiana Shield, Brazil, and southern South America (Conosur) as well as to Eriksen (1993), Eriksen et al. (2000), Ferreyra (1953), Ferreyra (1957), Ferreyra (1978), and Morales (2014) – see references. Additionally added, based on references shown in their taxon pages: M. coriacea – M. densa – M. grandifolia
.
Names in synonymy

Ancylotropis insignis – A. malmeana – Hebeandra celastroides – H. cestrifolia – H. crassifolia – H. evonymoides – H. fastigiata – H. hirta – H. latifolia – H. ligustrina – H. mucronata – H. myrtilloides – H. padifolia – H. parviflora – H. phillyreoides – H. prinoides – H. pubescens – H. revoluta – Monnina angustata – M. angustifolia – M. arborescens – M. arbuscula – M. arenicola – M. argentina – M. bangii – M. bifurcata – M. blakeana – M. brachystachya – M. caerulea – M. calophylla – M. chanduyensis – M. ciliolosa – M. comata – M. cordata – M. crispata – M. crotalarioides – M. cuspidata – M. deppei – M. divaristachya – M. diversifolia – M. duidae – M. elliptica – M. emarginata – M. epilobioides – M. eriocarpa – M. erioclada – M. evonymoides – M. excelsa – M. floribunda – M. gaudroniana – M. graminea – M. hilairiana – M. huacachiana – M. huallagensis – M. humahuaquensis – M. intermedia – M. involuta – M. killipii – M. lanceolata – M. laurifolia – M. lehmanniana – M. ligustrifolia – M. lingua – M. longibracteata – M. longifolia – M. luteola – M. macrophylla – M. martiana – M. media – M. membranacea – M. mexicana – M. mucronata – M. multicomata – M. myrtilloides – M. nemorosa – M. nervosa – M. nigrescens – M. obscura – M. obtusifolia – M. olfersiana – M. paniculata – M. patula – M. petiolaris – M. phytolaccifolia – M. piauhensis – M. pilgeri – M. pilosa – M. piurensis – M. platyphylla – M. pseudoaestuans – M. purpurea – M. ramosissima – M. retusa – M. revoluta – M. rupestris – M. scandens – M. schlechtendaliana – M. spruceana – M. trianae – M. trichoptera – M. uaipanensis – M. uribei – M. virescens – M. vitellina – M. weberbaueri – M. wilczekiana – Pteromonnina amarella – P. boliviana – P. cardiocarpa – P. cyanea – P. dictyocarpa – P. exalata – P. filifolia – P. fosbergii – P. herbacea – P. herzogii – P. leptostachya – P. linearifolia – P. lorenziana – P. macbridei – P. macrocarpa – P. macrostachya – P. philippiana – P. polygonoides – P. pterocarpa – P. ramosa – P. resedoides – P. retusa – P. richardiana – P. rugosa – P. rusbyi – P. stenophylla – P. tristaniana – P. weddelliana – P. wrightii
Unresolved names

Monnina crotalariifolia – M. lancifolia – M. macrocarpa – M. pallida – M. selloi – M. semiserrata – M. tuberosa
Source(s) of checklist:
References
Primary references

Chodat, R. 1895. Polygalaceae novae vel parum cognitae. IV. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 3: 539–549. BHL Reference page.
De Candolle, A.P. 1824. Ordo XVIII. Polygaleae. Pp. 321–342 in Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta, Pars 1, Sistens Thalamiflorarum ordines LIV. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page.
Eriksen, B. 1993. Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution 186: 33–55. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937712 Reference page.
Ruiz, H. & Pavon, J. 1798. Systema vegetabilium florae Peruvianae et Chilensis, characteres prodromi genericos differentiales, specierum omnium differentias, durationem, loca natalia, tempus florendi, nomina vernacula, vires et usus nonnullis illustrationibus interspersis complectens. Tomus primus. VI + 456 pp. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Aymard C., G.A., Berry, P.E. & Eriksen, B. 2007. Polygalaceae. In Funk, V., Hollowell, T., Berry, P., Kelloff, C. & Alexander, S.N., Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 468–471. BHL Reference page.
Eriksen, B. 1993. A revision of Monnina subg. Pterocarya (Polygalaceae) in northwestern South America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 191–207. BHL JSTOR Reference page.
Eriksen, B. 2000. Monnina. Pp. 25–103 in Eriksen, B., Ståhl, B. & Persson, C., 102. Polygalaceae. In Harling, G. & Andersson, L. (eds.), Flora of Ecuador, No. 65: 1–134. University of Göteborg & Riksmuseum, Stockholm. ISBN 91-88896-21-8. Reference page.
Eriksen, B. 2000. Pteromonnina. Pp. 104–111 in Eriksen, B., Ståhl, B. & Persson, C., 102. Polygalaceae. In Harling, G. & Andersson, L. (eds.), Flora of Ecuador, No. 65: 1–134. University of Göteborg & Riksmuseum, Stockholm. ISBN 91-88896-21-8. Reference page.
Eriksen, B. 2004. Monnina. Pp. 323–324 in Aymard C., G.A., Berry, P.E. & Eriksen, B., Polygalaceae. In Steyermark, J.A. (†), Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 8, Poaceae–Rubiaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 1-930723-36-9. Reference page.
Ferreyra, R. 1946. A revision of the Peruvian species of Monnina. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 27: 123–167, tt. I–X. BHL Reference page.
Ferreyra, R. 1950. 4. Monnina R. & P. Pp. 913–948 in Macbride, J.F., Polygalaceae Lindl. In Flora of Peru. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13(3/3): 891–950. BHL Reference page.
Ferreyra, R. 1953. A revision of the Colombian species of Monnina (Polygalaceae). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 121(3): 1–59. BHL Reference page.
Ferreyra, R. 1957. A revision of the Venezuelan species of Monnina. Brittonia 9: 9–18. JSTOR Reference page.
Ferreyra, R. 1978. Nuevos taxones de Monnina (Polygalaceae) para la flora colombiana. Caldasia 12: 295–307. Online JSTOR Reference page.
Grondona, E.M. 1945. Las especies argentinas del género Monnina (Polygalaceae). Darwiniana 7: 1–37. JSTOR Reference page.
Lüdtke, R., Souza-Chies, T.T. de & Miotto, S.T.S. 2009. O gênero Monnina (Polygalaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 23: 175–195. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-33062009000100021 Reference page.
Marques, M.C.M. 1989. Monnina Ruiz et Pavon (Polygalaceae) no Brasil. Rodriguésia 41(67): 3–33. PDF Reference page.
Morales, J.F. 2014. Polygalaceae. Pp. 342–357 in Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. VII, Dicotiledóneas (Picramniaceae–Rutaceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-56-6. Reference page.
Taylor, C.M. 1985. A revision of the Central American species of Monnina (Polygalaceae). Rhodora 87: 159–188. BHL Reference page.
Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017 Online PDF Reference page.
Wendt, T.L. 2001. Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link. Pp. 2154–2167 in Stevens, W.D., Ulloa Ulloa, C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (eds.), Flora de Nicaragua, Vol. 3, Angiospermas (Pandanaceae–Zygophyllaceae). (Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Online Reference page.

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2019. Monnina. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Ancylotropis in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2015 August 09.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Hebeandra in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2015 August 09.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Monnina in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2015 August 09.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Pteromonnina in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2015 August 09.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Monnina.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Monnina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2019-07-20.
Hassler, M. 2019. Monnina. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 July 20. Reference page.

Tropicos.org 2019. Monnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana: Monnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Monnina in Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia): Monnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Monnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Pteromonnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist: Monnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Tropicos.org: Bolivia Catalogue: Monnina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Monnina in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 20 July 2019.
Monnina in Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Accessed: 20 July 2019.

Monnina is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygalaceae. There are 150 to 200 species distributed throughout the Americas from the United States to Patagonia.[1] It was named after José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca.

Species include:

Monnina chimborazeana Chodat
Monnina equatoriensis Chodat
Monnina fosbergii Ferreyra
Monnina haughtii Ferreyra
Monnina loxensis Benth.
Monnina obovata Chodat & Sodiro
Monnina pseudoaestuans Ferreyra & Wurdack
Monnina sodiroana Chodat

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monnina.

(in Portuguese) Lüdtke, R., Chies, T. T. S., & Miotto, S. T. S. (2009). O gênero Monnina (Polygalaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 23, 175-195.