Harungana

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Hypericaceae
Genus: Harungana
Species: H. madagascariensis – H. montana – H. rubescens
Name

Harungana Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2: t. 645. (1796)

Type species: Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir., Encycl. 6: 314. (1804)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Haemocarpus Noronha ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 330. (1826), nom. superfl.
Heterotypic
Arungana Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 91. (1806), orth. var.
Haronga Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 15. (1806) orth. var.

References

Lamarck, J-B, P.A. de monet 1796. Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique ... Botanique 2: t. 645.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Harungana in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Mar. 18. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Harungana. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 18 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Harungana. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 18 Mar. 2021.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Harungana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names

Harungana is a genus of African flowering plants within the St. Johnswort family, Hypericaceae.

Species

Plants of the World Online currently includes:[1]

Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.
Harungana montana Spirlet
Harungana rubescens (Oliv.) Byng & Christenh

Distribution and habitat

Harungana can be found in medium to low altitudes around 1000-1600m above sea level in evergreen forest, usually around the forest margins and along river banks. It is widely distributed from South Africa to Sudan. It is often the first plant to be found in a forest that has been cleared. It can be found in both forest and savanna regions. It is native to Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Harungana is an introduced genus, naturalized and brought to the Harvey Creek, Babinda, and Mirriwinni areas of Australia. Harungana has now become quite common in disturbed coastal lowland rainforest and has the capacity to spread widely.
Uses

Harungana madagasacariensis can be used in various ways. For example, H. madagasacariensis is a source of firewood and is used in the production of charcoal. The tree is not used commercially because it rarely grows to merchantable size. However, people sometimes use the light wood to make poles for building houses.

The plant has red sap. Sap is used to treat scabies and anthelmintic (tapeworm). It is also used as a treatment for ringworm in Liberia[citation needed]. The leaves are used to control hemorrhages and diarrhoea, and as remedy for gonorrhea, sore throat, headaches and fevers. Flower stalks is rumored to ease colic and to check infection after childbirth. Decoction of the bark is used to treat malaria and jaundice. Roots are used to improve breast development in young women. Young leaves are sometimes used to treat asthma. In certain areas of Eastern Africa, people believe that fruits of H. madagasacariensis avert bleeding because of its red juice, so are used for abortion.
References

Plants of the World Online: Harungana Lam. (retrieved 12 January 2022)

Beentje, H. J. (1994). "Kenya trees, Shrubs and Lianas". National Museums of Kenya.
Coates-Palgrave, K. (1988). Trees of Southern Africa. C.S.Struik Publishers Cape Town.
Eggeling (1940). Indigenous Trees of Uganda. Govt. of Uganda.
Hamilton, A. C. (1981). A Field Guide to Uganda Forest Trees.
Katende, A. B.; et al. (1995). Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda.
Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. Regional Soil Conservation Unit (RSCU), Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA).
Kokwaro, J. O. (1976). Medicinal Plants of East Africa. East African Literature Bureau.
Keay, R. W. (1989). Trees of Nigeria. Clarendon Press Oxford.
Savill, P. S; Fox, J. E. D. (1967). Trees of Sierra Leone.
Williams, R. O. & OBE (1949). The useful and ornamental plants in Zanzibar and Pemba. Zanzibar Protectorate.