Cyphostemma

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Ordo: Vitales

Familia: Vitaceae
Subfamilia: Vitoideae
Tribus: Cayratieae
Genus: Cyphostemma
Species: C. abercornense – C. adamii – C. adenanthum – C. adenocarpum – C. adenocaule – C. adenocephalum – C. adenopodum – C. allophylloides – C. alnifolium – C. amplexicaule – C. amplexum – C. anatomicum – C. ankaranense – C. ankirihitrensis – C. auriculatum – C. bainesii – C. bambuseti – C. barbosae – C. betiforme – C. bidgoodiae – C. biternatum – C. boranense – C. bororense – C. braunii – C. brieyi – C. buchananii – C. bullatum – C. burgeri – C. cabui – C. caerulans – C. camerounense – C. chloroleucum – C. chrysadenium – C. cirrhosum – C. comorense – C. congestum – C. congoense – C. connivens – C. cornigera – C. cornus-africani – C. crassiusculum – C. crinitum – C. cristigera – C. crithmifolium – C. crotalarioides – C. cryptoglandulosum – C. cuneatum – C. currorii – C. curvipodum – C. cymosum – C. cyphopetalum – C. dasycarpum – C. dasypleurum – C. degraeri – C. delphinensis – C. dembianense – C. descoingsii – C. desenfansii – C. digitatum – C. duparquettii – C. dysocarpum – C. echinocarpa – C. elephantopus – C. elisabethvilleanum – C. eminii – C. engleri – C. erythreae – C. erythrocephalum – C. feddeanum – C. flavicans – C. flaviflorum – C. fragariifolium – C. fugosioides – C. gigantophyllum – C. gilletii – C. glandulosissimum – C. glanduloso-pilosa – C. gracillimum – C. grahamii – C. grandistipulatum – C. graniticum – C. greenwayi – C. greveanum – C. griseorubrum – C. hardyi – C. haumanii – C. hereroense – C. heterotrichum – C. hildebrandtii – C. hispidiflorum – C. homblei – C. horombense – C. huillense – C. humile – C. hypoleucum – C. jiguu – C. johannis – C. junceum – C. juttae – C. kaniamae – C. kapiriense – C. keilii – C. kibweziense – C. kilimandscharicum – C. kirkianum – C. kiwakishiense – C. knittelii – C. kundelunguense – C. labatii – C. lageniflorum – C. lanigerum – C. laza – C. leandrii – C. ledermannii – C. lelyi – C. lentianum – C. letouzeyanum – C. leucorufescens – C. leucotrichum – C. libenii – C. lovemorei – C. luteum – C. lynesii – C. macrocarpa – C. manambovensis – C. mandrakense – C. manikense – C. mannii – C. mappia – C. maranguense – C. marlothii – C. marojejyense – C. masukuense – C. megabotrys – C. mendesii – C. meyeri-johannis – C. michelii – C. micradenium – C. microdipterum – C. migiurtinorum – C. mildbraedii – C. milleri – C. molle – C. montagnacii – C. montanum – C. muhuluense – C. nanellum – C. natalitium – C. nigroglandulosum – C. niveum – C. njegerre – C. obovato-oblongum – C. odontadenium – C. oleraceum – C. omburense – C. ornatum – C. ouakense – C. overlaetii – C. oxyphyllum – C. pachyanthum – C. pachypus – C. pannosum – C. passargei – C. paucidentatum – C. pendulum – C. perforatum – C. phyllomicron – C. pobeguinianum – C. princeae – C. pruriens – C. pseudoburgeri – C. pseudonjegerre – C. pseudorhodesiae – C. pseudosesquipedale – C. pseudoupembaense – C. puberulum – C. pumila – C. pumilum – C. quinatum – C. rhodesiae – C. richardsiae – C. ringoetii – C. rivae – C. robsonii – C. robynsii – C. roseiglandulosa – C. roseiglandulosum – C. rotundistipulatum – C. rowlandii – C. ruacanense – C. rubroglandulosum – C. rubromarginatum – C. rubrosetosum – C. rupicola – C. rutilans – C. sakalavensis – C. sanctuarium-selousii – C. sarcospathulum – C. saxicola – C. schimperi – C. schlechteri – C. schliebenii – C. segmentatum – C. seitzianum – C. serjanioides – C. serpens – C. sessilifolium – C. setosum – C. shinyangense – C. simplicifolium – C. simulans – C. sokodense – C. spinosopilosum – C. stefanianum – C. stefaninianum – C. stegosaurus – C. stenolobum – C. stenopodum – C. stipulaceum – C. strigosum – C. subciliatum – C. sulcatum – C. taborense – C. tenuissimum – C. ternatomultifidum – C. ternatum – C. thomasii – C. tisserantii – C. trachyphyllum – C. trilobata – C. tsaratananensis – C. ukerewense – C. urophyllum – C. uter – C. uwanda – C. vandenbergheae – C. vandenbrandeanum – C. vanderbenii – C. vanmeelii – C. vezensis – C. villosicaule – C. violaceoglandulosum – C. viscosum – C. vogelii – C. vollesenii – C. waterlotii – C. wittei – C. woodii – C. zanzibaricum – C. zechianum – C. zimmermannii – C. zombense
Name

Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston in H. Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 53. 1931.

Type species: non design.

References

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Cyphostemma in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Mar 12. Reference page.
The Plant List 2013. Cyphostemma in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Feb. 3.
Tropicos.org 2014. Cyphostemma. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Feb. 3.

Cyphostemma is a flowering plant genus in the family Vitaceae, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These species are caudiciform and used to belong to the genus Cissus.[1] The genus name comes from Greek kyphos, meaning hump, and stemma, meaning garland.

Within the Vitaceae, Cyphostemma is most closely related to Cayratia and Tetrastigma.[2] All species of Cyphostemma were once included in the genus Cissus but are now considered to be distinct.[3]
Distribution

They originate from Northeast Africa to southern Arabia,[3] in particular from Madagascar.
Selected species
The largest species in the genus is the so-called "Mauritian Baobab" (Cyphostemma mappia), a case of "island gigantism".
Cyphostemma elephantopus
Cyphostemma berries, here on Cyphostemma bainesii
Cyphostemma laza in cultivation

There are about 260 species in the genus.

C. abercornense Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. adamii Desc.
C. adenanthum (Fresen.) Desc.
C. adenocarpum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. adenocephalum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. adenopodum (Sprague) Desc.
C. agnus-castus (Planch.) Desc.
C. allophyloides (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. alnifolium (Schweinf. ex Planch.) Desc.
C. amplexicaule Desc.
C. anatomicum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. ankirihitrensis Desc.
C. auriculata (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
C. auriculatum (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
C. bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc.
C. bambuseti (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. barbosae Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. betiforme (Chiov.) Vollesen
C. bidgoodiae Verdc.
C. biternatum (Baker) Desc.
C. boranense Vollesen
C. bororense (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. braunii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. brieyi (De Wild.) Compère
C. buchananii (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. bullatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. burgeri Vollesen
C. cabui (Dewit) Desc.
C. camerounense Desc.
C. chevalieri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. chloroleucum (Welw.ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. chrysadenium (Gilg) Desc.
C. cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. congestum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. congoense (auct.) Desc.
C. connivens (Lam.) Desc.
C. conradsii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. cornigera Desc.
C. cornus-africani Thulin
C. crassiusculum (Baker) Desc.
C. crinitum (Planch.) Desc.
C. cristigera Desc.
C. crithmifolium (Chiov.) Desc.
C. crotalarioides (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. cryptoglandulosum Verdc.
C. cuneatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. currorii (Hook.f.) Desc.
C. curvipodum (Baker) Desc.
C. cymosum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Desc.
C. cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. dasycarpum Verdc.
C. dasypleurum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
C. decurrens (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. degraeri (Dewit) Desc.
C. delphinensis Desc.
C. dembianensis (Chiov.) Vollesen
C. descoingsii Lavie
C. desenfansii (Dewit) Desc.
C. digitatum (Forssk.) Desc.
C. duparquettii (Planch.) Desc.
C. dysocarpum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. echinocarpa Desc.
C. egregium (Gilg) Desc.
C. elephantopus Desc.
C. elisabethvilleanum (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. eminii (Gilg) Desc.
C. engleri (Gilg) Desc.
C. erythreae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. erythrocephalum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. feddeanum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. flavicans (Baker) Desc.
C. flaviflorum (Sprague) Desc.
C. fragariifolium (Bojer ex Planch.) Desc.
C. fugosioides (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. gigantophyllum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. gillettii (De Wild. & T.Durand) Desc.
C. glandulosissimum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. glanduloso-pilosa Desc.
C. gracillimum (Werderm.) Desc.
C. grahamii Verdc.
C. grandistipulatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. graniticum (Wild & R.B.Drumm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. greenwayi Verdc.
C. greveanum Desc.
C. griseorubrum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. hardyi Retief
C. haumanii (Dewit) Desc.
C. hereroense (Schinz) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. heterotrichum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. hildebrandtii (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. hispidiflorum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
C. homblei (De Wild.) Desc.
C. horombense Desc.
C. huillense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
C. humile (N.E.Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. hypargyreum (Gilg) Desc.
C. hypoleucum (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. jaegeri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. jiguu Verdc.
C. johannis (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
C. juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
C. kaniamae (Mullend. ex Dewit) Desc.
C. kapiriense (Dewit) Desc.
C. keilii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. kibweziense Verdc.
C. kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. kirkianum (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. kiwakishiense (Dewit) Desc.
C. knittelii (Gilg) Desc.
C. kundelunguense Malaisse
C. lageniflorum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. lanigerum (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. laza Desc.
C. leandrii Desc.
C. ledermannii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. lelyi (Hutch.) Desc.
C. lentianum (Volkens & Gilg) Desc.
C. letouzeyanum Desc.
C. leucorufescens Desc.
C. leucotrichum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. libenii (Dewit) Desc.
C. loandense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. lovemorei Willd. & R.B.Drumm.
C. luteum (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
C. lynesii (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. macrocarpa Desc.
C. manambovensis Desc.
C. manikense (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. mannii (Baker) Desc.
C. mappia (Lam.) Galet
C. maranguense (Gilg) Desc.
C. marlothii (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
C. marunguense (Dewit) Desc.
C. masukuense (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. megabotrys (Collett & Hemsl.) B.V.Shetty
C. meyeri-johannis (Gilg & M.Brandt) Verdc.
C. michelii (Dewit) Desc.
C. micradenium (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. microdipterum (Baker) Desc.
C. migiurtinorum (Chiov.) Desc.
C. mildbraedii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. milleri Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. molle (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
C. montagnacii Desc.
C. montanum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. muhuluense (Mildbr.) Desc.
C. nanellum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. natalitium (Szyszyl.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
C. nigroglandulosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. niveum (Hochst. ex Schweinf.) Desc.
C. njegerre (Gilg & Strauss) Desc.
C. obovato-oblongum (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. odontadenium (Gilg) Desc.
C. oleraceum (Bolus) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
C. omburense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. ornatum (A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Desc.
C. ouakense Desc.
C. overlaetii (Dewit) Desc.
C. oxyphyllum (A.Rich.) Vollesen
C. pachyanthum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. pachypus Desc.
C. pannosum Vollesen
C. passargei (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. paucidentatum (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. pendulum (Welw. ex Baker) Desc..
C. perforatum (Louis ex Dewit) Desc.
C. phyllomicron (Chiov.) Desc.
C. pobeguinianum Desc.
C. princeae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. pruriens (Welw. ex Baker) Desc.
C. pseudoburgeri Verdc.
C. pseudonjegerre (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. pseudorhodesiae (Dewit) Desc.
C. pseudosesquipedale Verdc.
C. pseudoupembaense (Dewit) Desc.
C. puberulum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. pumilum Desc.
C. quinatum (Dryand.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. rhodesiae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. richardsiae Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. ringoetii (De Wild.) Desc.
C. rivae (Gilg) Desc.
C. robsonii Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. robynsii (Dewit) Desc.
C. roseiglandulosum Desc.
C. rotundistipulatum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. rowlandii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. ruacanense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
C. rubroglandulosum Retief & B.-E.van Wyk
C. rubromarginatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. rubrosetosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. rupicola (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. rutilans Desc.
C. sakalavensis Desc.
C. sanctuarium-selousii Verdc.
C. sarcospathulum (Chiov.) Desc.
C. saxicola (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. saxicolum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. scarlatinum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
C. schlechteri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. schliebenii (Mildbr.) Desc.
C. segmentatum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
C. seitzianum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. septemfoliatum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. serjanioides (Planch.) Desc.
C. serpens (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
C. sesquipedale (Gilg) Desc.
C. sessilifolium (Dewit) Desc.
C. setosum (Roxb.) Alston
C. shinyangense Verdc.
C. simplicifolium A.Björnstad
C. simulans (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. sokodense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. spinosopilosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. stefanianum (Chiov.) Desc.
C. stefaninianum (Chiov.) Desc.
C. stegosaurus Verdc.
C. stenolobum (Welw. ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. stenopodum (Gilg ex Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. stipulaceum (Baker) Desc.
C. strigosum (Dewit) Desc.
C. subciliatum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. sulcatum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
C. taborense Verdc.
C. tenuissimum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. ternatomultifidum (Chiov.) Desc.
C. ternatum (Forssk.) Desc.
C. thomasii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. tisserantii Desc.
C. trachyphyllum (Werderm.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. trilobata (Lam.) M.R.Almeida
C. triumfettoides (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. tsaratananensis Desc.
C. ukerewense (Gilg) Desc.
C. upembaense (Dewit) Desc.
C. urophyllum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. uter (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
C. uwanda Verdc.
C. vandenbergheae Malaisse & Matamba
C. vandenbrandeanum (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. vanderbenii (Dewit) Desc.
C. vanmeelii (Lawalrée) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. vezensis Desc.
C. villosicaule Verdc.
C. villosiglandulosum (Werderm.) Desc.
C. violaceoglandulosum (Gilg) Desc.
C. viscosum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. vogelii (Hook.f.) Desc.
C. vollesenii Verdc.
C. waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc.
C. wilmsii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. wittei (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
C. woodii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. zanzibaricum Verdc.
C. zechianum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
C. zimmermannii Verdc.
C. zombense (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.

List sources :[4][5][6]

References

"Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Soejima, A.; Wen, J. (2006), "Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers" (PDF), American Journal of Botany, 93 (2): 278–87, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.278, PMID 21646189, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-04
G., Miller, Anthony (1988). Plants of Dhofar, the southern region of Oman : traditional, economic, and medicinal uses. Morris, Miranda., Stuart-Smith, Susanna., Oman. Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment. [Muscat]: Prepared and published by the Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman. ISBN 978-071570808-8. OCLC 20798112.
Flora of Zimbabwe
Grubben, G. J. H. Vegetables. PROTA. 2004.
NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at theplantlist.org for accepted status before being included on this page. Species listed at theplantlist that were as yet unresolved were included on this list. "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston subordinate taxa". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.