In particle physics, majorons (named after Ettore Majorana) are a hypothetical type of Goldstone boson that are theorized to mediate the neutrino mass violation of lepton number or B − L in certain high energy collisions such as
e− + e− → W− + W− + J
Where two electrons collide to form two W bosons and the majoron J. The U(1)B–L symmetry is assumed to be global so that the majoron isn't "eaten up" by the gauge boson and spontaneously broken. Majorons were originally formulated in four dimensions by Y. Chikashige, R. N. Mohapatra and R. D. Peccei to understand neutrino masses by the seesaw mechanism and are being searched for in the neutrinoless double beta decay process. There are theoretical extensions of this idea into supersymmetric theories and theories involving extra compactified dimensions. By propagating through the extra spatial dimensions the detectable number of majoron creation events vary accordingly. Mathematically, majorons may be modeled by allowing them to propagate through a material while all other Standard Model forces are fixed to an orbifold point.
References
^ Lattanzi, M. (2008). "Decaying Majoron Dark Matter and Neutrino Masses". AIP Conference Proceedings 966 (1): 163–169. doi:10.1063/1.2836988. arXiv:0802.3155.
Neutrino
Further reading
Balysh, A.; et al. (1996). "Bounds on new Majoron models from the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment". Physical Review D 54 (5): 3641–3644. arXiv:nucl-ex/9511001. Bibcode 1996PhRvD..54.3641G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.54.3641. arXiv:nucl-ex/9511001.
Mohapatra, R. N.; Pérez-Lorenzana, A.; de S. Pires, C. A. (2000). "Neutrino mass, bulk majoron and neutrinoless double beta decay". Physics Letters B 491 (1–2): 143–147. arXiv:hep-ph/0008158. Bibcode 2000PhLB..491..143M. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01031-5. arXiv:hep-ph/0008158.
Carone, C. D.; Conroy, J. M.; Kwee, H. J. (2002). "Bulk majorons at colliders". Physics Letters B 538 (1–2): 115–120. arXiv:hep-ph/0204045. Bibcode 2002PhLB..538..115C. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01943-3. arXiv:hep-ph/0204045.
Frampton, P. H.; Oh, M. C.; Yoshikawa, T. (2002). "Majorana mass zeros from Higgs triplet vacuum expectation values without a Majoron problem". Physical Review D 66 (3): 033007. arXiv:hep-ph/0204273. Bibcode 2002PhRvD..66c3007F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.66.033007. arXiv:hep-ph/0204273.
Grossman, Y.; Haber, H. E. (2003). "The would-be Majoron in R-parity-violating supersymmetry". Physical Review D 67 (3): 036002. arXiv:hep-ph/0210273. Bibcode 2003PhRvD..67c6002G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.67.036002. arXiv:hep-ph/0210273.
de S. Pires, C. A.; Rodrigues da Silva, P. S. (2004). "Spontaneous breaking of the lepton number and invisible majoron in a 3-3-1 model". European Physical Journal C 36: 397–403. Bibcode 2004EPJC...36..397D. doi:10.1140/epjc/s2004-01949-3. arXiv:hep-ph/0307253.
