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Minicharged particle
Minicharged particles (or milli-charged particles) are a proposed type of subatomic particle. They are charged, but with a tiny fraction of the charge of the electron. They weakly interact with matter. Minicharged particles are not part of the Standard Model. One proposal to detect them involved photons tunneling through an opaque barrier in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, the rationale being that a pair of oppositely charged minicharged particles are produced that curve in opposite directions, and recombine on the other side of the barrier reproducing the photon again.[1]
Minicharged particles would result in vacuum magnetic dichroism,[2] and would cause energy loss in microwave cavities.[3] Photons from the cosmic microwave background would be dissipated by galactic-scale magnetic fields if minicharged particles existed, so this effect could be observable.[4] In fact the dimming observed of remote supernovae that was used to support dark energy could also be explained by the formation of minicharged particles.[5]
Tests of Coulomb's law can be applied to set bounds on minicharged particles.
References
Zyga, Lisa (3 October 2012). "Tunneling of the third kind' experiment could search for new physics". Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Ringwald, Andreas; Holger Gies; Joerg Jaeckel (11 July 2006). "Polarized Light Propagating in a Magnetic Field as a Probe of Millicharged Fermions". arXiv:hep-ph/0607118.
Ringwald, Andreas; H. Gies; J. Jaeckel (21 Aug 2006). "Accelerator Cavities as a Probe of Millicharged Particles". arXiv:hep-ph/0608238.
Burrage, Clare; J. Jaeckel; J. Redondo; A. Ringwald (3 Sep 2009). "[0909.0649] Late time CMB anisotropies constrain mini-charged particles". arXiv:0909.0649.
Ahlers, Markus (7 April 2009). "[0904.0998] The Hubble diagram as a probe of mini-charged particles". arXiv:0904.0998.
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