Tarski's plank problem

In mathematics, Tarski's plank problem is a question about coverings of convex regions in n-dimensional Euclidean space by "planks": regions between two hyperplanes. Tarski asked if the sum of the widths of the planks must be at least the minimum width of the convex region. The question was answered affirmatively by Thøger Bang (1950, 1951).[1]

Statement

Given a convex body C in Rⁿ and a hyperplane H, the width of C parallel to H, w(C,H), is the distance between the two supporting hyperplanes of C that are parallel to H. The smallest such distance (i.e. the infimum over all possible hyperplanes) is called the minimal width of C, w(C).

The (closed) set of points P between two distinct, parallel hyperplanes in Rⁿ is called a plank, and the distance between the two hyperplanes is called the width of the plank, w(P). Tarski conjectured that if a convex body C of minimal width w(C) was covered by a collection of planks, then the sum of the widths of those planks must be at least w(C). That is, if P₁,…,P_m are planks such that

\( C\subseteq P_1\cup\ldots\cup P_m\subset R^n, \)

then

\( \sum_{i=1}^m w(P_i)\geq w(C).\)

Bang proved this is indeed the case.

Nomenclature

The name of the problem, specifically for the sets of points between parallel hyperplanes, comes from the visualisation of the problem in R². Here, hyperplanes are just straight lines and so planks become the space between two parallel lines. Thus the planks can be thought of as (infinitely long) planks of wood, and the question becomes how many planks does one need to completely cover a convex tabletop of minimal width w? Bang's theorem shows that, for example, a circular table of diameter d feet can't be covered by fewer than d planks of wood of width one foot each.

References

King, Jonathan L. (1994). "Three problems in search of a measure". Amer. Math. Monthly 101: 609–628. doi:10.2307/2974690.

Bang, Thøger (1950), "On covering by parallel-strips.", Mat. Tidsskr. B.: 49–53, MR 0038085
Bang, Thøger (1951), "A solution of the "plank problem"", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 2 (6): 990–993, doi:10.2307/2031721, JSTOR 2031721, MR 0046672

Mathematics Encyclopedia